One Liner Current Affairs: April 2025

National Affairs

1. A Jagannath Temple costing ₹250 crore stands in Digha, a coastal town of West Bengal. Notes ›
2. Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai, a Supreme Court judge, has been named the next CJI. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Microfinance gross NPA ratio rose to 16% at end FY25 from 8.8% a year earlier. Notes ›
4. Sebi said opinion trading platforms are neither recognised nor regulated by it. Notes ›
5. IndusInd CEO Sumant Kathpalia resigned immediately, citing moral responsibility. Notes ›
6. RBI launched three surveys to gather inputs for monetary policy. Notes ›
7. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra and Deputy Governor Rajeshwar Rao told the PAC they are optimistic on US tariffs. Notes ›
8. SEBI proposed a framework for orderly wind-down of KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs). Notes ›
9. RBI plans to buy ₹1.25 trillion of government bonds, besides a ₹1.5 trillion dividend transfer to the Centre in May. Notes ›
10. SEBI extended the optional T+0 implementation deadline for qualified stock brokers to November 1, 2025 from May 1, 2025. Notes ›
11. IEPFA signed an MoU with Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited to raise investor awareness across India. Notes ›
12. From May 1, 2025, RBI required all regulated entities to file licence, authorisation and approval applications via PRAVAAH. Notes ›
13. Airtel Payments Bank introduced the RuPay ON-THE-GO card with the National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) feature. Notes ›

Economy

14. Private sector capex is projected to drop nearly 25% in FY26 to ₹4.89 trillion, says an NSO survey. Notes ›
15. The March 2025 Monthly Economic Review warned that prolonged uncertainty could hurt private capital formation and FY26 growth. Notes ›
16. India's IIP averaged 4% in FY25, the lowest in four years. Notes ›

International Affairs

17. India and Canada signed a civil nuclear agreement and recommitted to concluding a CEPA after Modi-Carney talks. Notes ›
18. India was again placed on the US Trade Representative's 2025 Priority Watch List over IP protection and enforcement. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

19. Maharashtra discontinued its Re 1 crop insurance scheme after finding major irregularities. Notes ›
20. A one-day sensitisation programme on the 8th edition of NPOP for spices was held in Kochi. Notes ›

Science & Technology

21. On April 30, 2025 the Supreme Court asked if using Pegasus against anti-national elements, for security reasons, can be unlawful. Notes ›
22. Amazon launched its first 27 Kuiper satellites on April 24, 2025 from Cape Canaveral aboard a ULA Atlas V. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

23. India emits 9.3 million tonnes of plastic yearly, nearly 20% of global plastic emissions, the world's largest share. Notes ›
24. India's forest and tree cover is 25.17%, below the 33% target in the National Forest Policy (1988). Notes ›
25. A Nature Geoscience study traced Indian Summer Monsoon changes over 22,000 years and their effect on Bay of Bengal marine productivity. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

26. Only one in four public R&D organisations offers incubation support to start-ups; just one in six backs deep tech. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. India's women's baseball team qualified for the Asian Cup 2025 after a 6-5 win over Thailand. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. The Finance Ministry mandated a digital-only model for PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana on the National Portal. Notes ›
3. DoSJE and the World Bank held the seminar 'Hard to Reach Population - SMILE (Beggary)' on 25 April 2025 in New Delhi. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Sitharaman asked officials to make UPI more robust after repeated disruptions. Notes ›
5. The Tamil Nadu Money Lending Entities (Prevention of Coercive Actions) Bill, 2025 targets coercive loan recovery. Notes ›
6. IDBI Bank earned ₹2,051 crore in Q4 FY25 (+26%). Notes ›
7. SEBI barred Patel Wealth Advisors and four directors from the securities market through an interim order on 28 April 2025. Notes ›
8. SEBI: brokers must collect client margins by the settlement day (T+1) in the cash segment. Notes ›
9. ASCI said influencers need no credentials for generic information on financial or health products. Notes ›
10. Arun Khurana resigned immediately as IndusInd Bank's Deputy CEO and Executive Director. Notes ›
11. Axis Max Life Insurance launched Bandhan 2.0, an AI-enabled augmented reality platform for new-employee onboarding. Notes ›

Economy

12. RBI's bond forward guidelines take effect from 2 May 2025. Notes ›
13. The rupee closed at ₹85.03 per dollar on April 28, up 0.49% for the day. Notes ›
14. IIP grew 3% in March, up from February's six-month low of 2.72%. Notes ›

International Affairs

15. Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal met UK Business and Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds in London. Notes ›
16. Japan and Vietnam agreed to deepen ties in semiconductors and clean energy during Japanese PM Shigeru Ishiba's visit to Hanoi. Notes ›
17. Russian President Vladimir Putin declared a unilateral 72-hour ceasefire in Ukraine to mark WWII Victory Day. Notes ›
18. India had a significantly enhanced presence at the 32nd Arabian Travel Market (ATM) in Dubai. Notes ›

Science & Technology

19. A Current Biology study found urban funnel-weaving spiders build webs that dampen a wide range of ambient vibrations. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

20. 65% of Indians in the Pew survey call made-up news a very big problem; India is in the top 10 of 35 countries. Notes ›
21. SIPRI: India's 2024 military expenditure rose 1.6% to $86.1 billion, making it the fifth largest spender. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

22. At Rashtrapati Bhavan's Durbar Hall, President Droupadi Murmu gave Padma awards to 71 of the 139 awardees. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. India is assured of 43 medals at the inaugural Asian under-15 and 17 boxing championships in Amman. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. The Union Finance Ministry is planning a one-stop digital platform for government-sponsored schemes (GSS). Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. NPCI outages came from banks flooding it with status-check requests; it is a single point of failure. Notes ›
4. Sebi warned investors about Strata after it voluntarily surrendered its SM REIT licence. Notes ›
5. Grant Thornton found incorrect accounting of internal derivatives trades, especially early terminations, created notional profits. Notes ›
6. SEBI is adopting a fully digital e-office for internal processes. Notes ›
7. Health insurance fraud is estimated to cost the industry ₹12,000 crore each year and pushes up premiums for honest policyholders. Notes ›
8. Amazon invested Rs 350 crore in Amazon Pay India via a rights issue of 3.5 crore shares. Notes ›
9. The RBI address stressed a national green finance taxonomy; a formal one is under development while RBI uses the Sovereign Green Bonds framework. Notes ›

Economy

10. Bank credit grows about 12%, above the 10.5% decade average, said Governor Sanjay Malhotra. Notes ›

International Affairs

11. US Vice President JD Vance urged India to remove non-tariff barriers hurting American firms. Notes ›
12. Kailash Mansarovar Yatra resumes in 2025 after six years, with about 750 Indian pilgrims going to Tibet. Notes ›
13. Revised CLCS papers enlarge India's Arabian Sea shelf claim by almost 10,000 sq km. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

14. Erratic monsoons and extreme weather make farm insurance a vital safety net, especially for small and marginal farmers. Notes ›
15. ICAR-Indian Sugarcane Research Institute, Lucknow, and Zuari Industries signed an MoU for the Cane Excellence Programme. Notes ›

Science & Technology

16. INSPACe launched Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS) for private firms to develop small satellite bus platforms. Notes ›
17. DBT invited translational research proposals on Genome India data on 9 January 2025; the deadline was extended to 31 March. Notes ›
18. Google is expanding AI across Search, advertising and YouTube in India; AI Overviews and Lens handle nearly 20 billion queries a month. Notes ›
19. ISRO ran a 3.5-second hot test of the semicryogenic engine power head test article at IPRC, Mahendragiri. Notes ›
20. Sarvam AI is the first startup to get government support for an indigenous LLM. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

21. Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh has five new cheetah cubs under Project Cheetah. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

22. Extreme poverty at the $2.15 line fell from 16% in 2011-12 to 2.3% in 2022-23. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Hindu-Tamil Nadu Startup Summit 2025 was held in Chennai; experts urged entrepreneurial education from school level. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. EPFO's revamped Form 13 drops the need for destination office approval in PF transfers on job change. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Indian Bank cut its home loan rate from 8.15% to 7.90%. Notes ›
4. RBI fined Indian Bank ₹1.61 crore for wrong rate benchmarking on some loans and taking collateral on small KCC loans. Notes ›
5. A new 10-year benchmark bond was expected on May 2, 2025, since 6.79% GS 2034 had only 9.5 years left. Notes ›
6. Shriram Finance reported a 6% rise in consolidated net profit for Q4 FY25. Notes ›

Economy

7. Provisional FY25 net direct tax collection rose 13.57% to ₹22.26 trillion, just under the ₹22.37 trillion revised target. Notes ›
8. The Finance Ministry notified the GST Appellate Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 2025, effective April 24, 2025. Notes ›
9. Edelweiss Mutual Fund launched an index fund said to be India's first focused on the internet economy. Notes ›

International Affairs

10. US and Iran held two Oman-mediated nuclear rounds, in Muscat and Rome; a third technical round is confirmed. Notes ›
11. After the Pahalgam attack, India held the Indus Waters Treaty and other agreements, including Simla, in abeyance; Pakistan did likewise. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. India met its 20% ethanol blending target in 2024-25 using about 70% grain-based and 30% sugar-based ethanol. Notes ›

Science & Technology

13. Adobe launched a free Content Authenticity app that lets creators embed verified details in their digital work. Notes ›
14. Former ISRO Chairman Dr K. Kasturirangan died in Bengaluru on Friday, aged 84. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. BBNJ is the third implementing agreement under UNCLOS, protecting marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. India and France signed an Inter-Governmental Agreement on 28 April 2025 for 26 Rafale-M jets, worth about ₹64,000 crore. Notes ›
17. DRDL ran an Active Cooled Scramjet Subscale Combustor for over 1,000 seconds in Hyderabad. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

18. Share of Indians below the $2.15-a-day (PPP) line dropped from 16% (2011-12) to 2.3% (2022-23), says the World Bank. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. World Malaria Day is a global initiative organised by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Sports Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launched DigiLocker for athletes' documents. Notes ›
3. More than 15.43 lakh new workers were enrolled under the ESI scheme in February. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Over 2020-2025 only one in three equity mutual fund schemes beat their benchmark on information ratio. Notes ›
5. NSE's revised SME migration criteria apply from May 1, 2025, after Sebi scrutiny of SME governance. Notes ›
6. SEBI fined Future Retail ₹10 lakh for late disclosure of arbitration proceedings started by Amazon. Notes ›
7. FIU-IND told registered crypto exchanges to tighten KYC by 30 June 2025 under PMLA. Notes ›
8. MD Shalabh Saxena quit Spandana Sphoorty after an alleged RBI inspection found unreported frauds and cash mismatches. Notes ›
9. SEBI imposed a ₹10 lakh penalty on Future Retail Ltd for late disclosure of Amazon's arbitration at the Singapore International Arbitration Centre. Notes ›
10. RBI capped the penalty at ₹2 lakh per contravention for specified FEMA violations. Notes ›
11. Indian Bank, a state-run lender, cut its home loan rate from 8.15% to 7.90%. Notes ›

Economy

12. CBDT barred deductions for settlement amounts and penalties under four laws, effective 23 April. Notes ›
13. RBI added 57.5 tonnes of gold in FY25, its second-highest yearly purchase since December 2017. Notes ›
14. The IMF cut India's FY26 growth forecast by 30 basis points to 6.2%, citing trade tensions and global uncertainty. Notes ›
15. Net ECB inflows more than doubled to $20.3 billion, the highest in at least five years, from $8.8 billion a year earlier. Notes ›
16. Even modest extra US tariffs could slow India's export growth; lower crude prices may offset some harm. Notes ›
17. CBDT notified a 1% Tax Collected at Source on specified luxury goods priced above Rs 10 lakh. Notes ›

International Affairs

18. Pakistan closed airspace to Indian airlines and halted all bilateral trade after the Pahalgam attack. Notes ›
19. The WTO's three core functions - negotiation, dispute settlement and trade monitoring - are all weakened. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. India will procure 15,000 more GPUs in the second bidding round, lifting total high-performance GPUs to 33,000. Notes ›
21. World Malaria Day falls on April 25. Notes ›
22. China launched three astronauts aboard the Shenzhou-20 spaceship to the Tiangong space station. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

23. ILO said algorithmic management in India has lowered job quality through more monitoring, surveillance and work intensity. Notes ›
24. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj launched the Panchayat Advancement Index to assess over 216,000 panchayats on SDG-linked themes. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Judicial review is implied through Article 13, supported by Articles 32 and 226, and forms part of the basic structure. Notes ›
2. PM Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated INDIA STEEL, the 6th International Exhibition and Conference, in Mumbai. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. NBBL, an NPCI subsidiary, will launch Netbanking 2.0, a new netbanking switch, in about 3-4 months. Notes ›
4. RBI's Monetary Policy Committee cut the repo rate by 25 basis points in April 2025, extending cuts that began in February. Notes ›
5. Moody's is reviewing IndusInd Bank's risk management and leadership transition after derivatives accounting lapses. Notes ›
6. Life insurers' new business premiums rose 5.13% to ₹3.97 trillion in FY25, against 2% growth a year earlier. Notes ›
7. SEBI debarred Madhav Stock Vision Pvt. Ltd. (MSVPL) and five individuals for front-running a major client's trades. Notes ›
8. Under SEBI's Investment Advisors Regulations, 2013, registered investment advisors must sign a Letter of Engagement before advising or collecting fees. Notes ›
9. SEBI revised NAV cut-off timings for Mutual Fund Overnight Schemes (MFOS), effective June 1, 2025. Notes ›
10. RBI cancelled Ajantha Urban Co-operative Bank's licence from 22 April 2025 due to inadequate capital and earnings prospects. Notes ›
11. AU Small Finance Bank added concierge benefits for AU ivy and AU Eternity members. Notes ›

Economy

12. Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Oracle, IBM and Salesforce received fresh assessment orders for FY 2021-22 and 2022-23. Notes ›
13. World Bank cut India's FY25 GDP growth forecast to 6.3%, 40 bps below its earlier 6.7%. Notes ›

International Affairs

14. India and Saudi Arabia agreed to collaborate on two new refineries in India. Notes ›
15. India put the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty with Pakistan in abeyance after the Pahalgam attack that killed 26 people. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

16. NABARD bought a 10% stake in 24x7 Moneyworks Consulting Pvt Ltd, its first investment in a bootstrapped startup. Notes ›
17. Integrating APMC mandis with eNAM improves price realisation for farmers, says R Leshma Manogna of BITS Goa. Notes ›

Science & Technology

18. IIA astronomers offered an explanation for the dark matter deficiency in the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2. Notes ›
19. A CSIR-CCMB, Hyderabad study suggests lipids co-evolve with proteins, especially in mitochondrial membranes. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

20. SO2, behind acid rain, comes mainly from energy production, especially coal-based power plants. Notes ›
21. India will submit its first National Adaptation Plan to the UNFCCC by September, linking efforts to the Paris Agreement. Notes ›
22. ICRI reported 84% of the world's reefs bleached, the most intense global event on record. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Section 69 of BNS, 2023 separately punishes sex on a false promise of marriage with up to 10 years and fine. Notes ›
2. India's largest cruise terminal opened at Ballard Pier, Mumbai, at a cost of ₹556 crore. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank sharply slowed hiring in FY25 despite branch expansion. Notes ›
4. RBI cut the run-off factor to 7.5% for stable retail deposits with internet or mobile banking; less stable ones get 12.5%. Notes ›
5. Average SDF placements rose to ₹2.13 trillion in March 2025 from ₹1.12 trillion in February. Notes ›
6. RBI instructed all banks to begin shifting existing domains to .bank.in by October 31. Notes ›
7. SEBI extended automated trading window closure to immediate relatives of designated persons in listed companies, to curb insider trading. Notes ›
8. SEBI proposed direct arbitration for high-value claims and chronic complaints. Notes ›
9. Jharkhand signed an MoU with SBI to upgrade the salary package for state government employees holding SBI salary accounts. Notes ›
10. AU Small Finance Bank, India's largest SFB, introduced concierge services under its premium programmes AU ivy and AU Eternity. Notes ›
11. MobiKwik partnered with Poonawalla Fincorp for instant personal loans of up to ₹15 lakh. Notes ›

Economy

12. IMF's April WEO sees global growth falling from 3.3% in 2024 to 2.8% in 2025, then 3% in 2026. Notes ›
13. RBI's Report on the State of the Economy credits consumption and investment for India's resilience. Notes ›
14. The rupee's REER was 101.49 in March 2025, down from 102.37 in February. Notes ›
15. Net FDI dropped to $1.5 billion in April 2024-February 2025 from $11.5 billion a year earlier. Notes ›
16. DICGC, an RBI subsidiary, insures up to ₹5 lakh per depositor per bank; last revised in 2020. Notes ›
17. IMF cut India's FY26 GDP growth forecast by 30 bps to 6.2% from 6.5% in its latest World Economic Outlook. Notes ›
18. Gold crossed ₹1 lakh per 10 grams for the first time; 24-carat spot was ₹1,01,245. Notes ›

International Affairs

19. US Vice-President J.D. Vance spoke at the Rajasthan International Centre during a four-day India visit. Notes ›
20. Cargo on the Northern Sea Route rose from 41,000 tonnes in 2010 to 37.9 million tonnes in 2024. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

21. IMD forecast 2025 monsoon rainfall at 105% of the Long Period Average, with a 5% margin. Notes ›
22. Samunnati launched an FPO Partnership Model that treats FPOs as equal collaborators with profit sharing after cost recovery. Notes ›

Science & Technology

23. Carlsberg Ridge is set to be India's third deep-sea mining zone, pending ISA approval. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar raised concerns about judicial independence, inquiry transparency and judicial overreach. Notes ›
2. Dr. Mangi Lal Jat took charge on April 22, 2025 as Secretary of DARE and Director General of ICAR. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI allowed minors aged 10 and above to open and operate savings and term deposit accounts independently. Notes ›
4. RBI's final LCR norms take effect from April 1, 2026. Notes ›
5. RBI issued a draft direction under the Foreign Exchange Management (Export and Import of Goods and Services) Regulations, 2025. Notes ›
6. RBI's draft gold-loan rules seek uniform documentation and standard purity and weight methods across branches. Notes ›
7. SEBI requires at least one key investment team member of each AIF to pass the NISM Series XIX-C exam. Notes ›
8. NPS has a mandatory Tier-1 account for retirement and an optional, flexible Tier-2 account with up to 100% equity. Notes ›
9. MF investment in REITs and InvITs rose from ₹734 crore in March 2020 to ₹19,485 crore in March 2025. Notes ›
10. SEBI warned of securities frauds run through social media. Notes ›
11. BSE marked its 150th Foundation Day in Mumbai on April 17, 2025; it was set up in 1875. Notes ›
12. RBI gave in-principle authorisation to PB Pay Private Limited as an online payment aggregator. Notes ›
13. Bajaj Allianz Life launched the Superwoman Term (SWT) Plan, a term insurance product designed only for women. Notes ›

Economy

14. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said the FY25 fiscal deficit target of 4.8% of GDP will be met and FY26 should fall below 4.5%. Notes ›
15. UNCTAD 2024 put global creative services exports at $1.4 trillion and creative goods at $713 billion in 2022. Notes ›
16. A 12% safeguard duty on selected steel imports applies from 21 April 2025 for 200 days. Notes ›

International Affairs

17. WHO's negotiating body finalised the draft Pandemic Agreement on April 16, 2025, after 13 rounds over 3.5 years. Notes ›
18. India's trade surplus with the US was $41.18 billion in FY25, up from $35.33 billion in FY24. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

19. BRICS launched a Land Restoration Partnership to tackle land degradation, desertification and soil fertility loss. Notes ›
20. TERI trials showed nano sulphur lifting mustard yield by 30-40% and oil content by 28-30%. Notes ›
21. Indian Biogas Association said soil care can tackle climate and food insecurity together. Notes ›

Science & Technology

22. ISRO's SpaDeX satellites SDX01 and SDX02 docked a second time, announced 21 April 2025. Notes ›
23. The 500 MWe PFBR at Kalpakkam, built by BHAVINI, is the first Stage-II fast breeder reactor, using MOX fuel and liquid sodium. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

24. Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav released two South African cheetahs, Pawak and Prabhash. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. The finance ministry urged all banks to join NCGTC and the eKisan Upaj Nidhi (eKUN) portal for eNWR loans. Notes ›
2. The Finance Ministry called reports of GST on UPI transactions above ₹2,000 false, misleading and baseless. Notes ›
3. Family offices, especially foreign-based, are choosing Category III AIFs in GIFT City over Family Investment Funds. Notes ›

Economy

4. CBIC told officers to stick to the document list in Form GST REG-01; asking for landlord PAN, Aadhaar or premises photos is barred. Notes ›
5. The ₹2,250 crore Export Promotion Mission, announced in Budget 2025-26, is being fast-tracked. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. Rubio said the US could disengage if no progress comes 'in a matter of days'. Notes ›
7. AP reported at least 1,024 students across 160 institutions lost visas or status since late March. Notes ›
8. India has signed an agreement to host the headquarters of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA). Notes ›
9. World Heritage Day 2025 was marked on 18 April with a focus on heritage threatened by disasters and conflicts. Notes ›

Science & Technology

10. Researchers from Cambridge report dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) in the atmosphere of exoplanet K2-18b using JWST. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

11. Logistics accounts for 13.5% of India's greenhouse gas emissions; road transport gives over 88% of that. Notes ›
12. The Maharashtra State Wildlife Board, chaired by CM Devendra Fadnavis, approved conservation reserve status for DPS Flamingo Lake. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

13. The Bhagavad Gita and Bharata Muni's Natyashastra were added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Supreme Court noted the Centre's pledge: no Waqf de-notification until May 5, 2025. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Bihar launched the Mahila Samvad outreach campaign to reach 2 crore women. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. A parliamentary panel asked the Labour Ministry to finish a third-party evaluation of the Employee Pension Scheme by December 2025. Notes ›
4. RBI's 43-day VRR auction received bids of ₹25,431 crore against a notified ₹1.5 trillion. Notes ›
5. IDFC First Bank will get ₹7,500 crore from Warburg Pincus and ADIA through CCPS issued preferentially. Notes ›
6. The Finance Ministry planned a May 6, 2025 meeting at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi on RRB amalgamation. Notes ›
7. SEBI proposed lifting the single-issuer limit for MF investment in REITs and InvITs from 5% to 10% of scheme NAV. Notes ›
8. SIDBI planned to sign a pact with the Green Climate Fund in mid-May 2025. Notes ›
9. Banks can open or close non-interest bearing rupee accounts of overseas branches and correspondent banks without RBI approval. Notes ›
10. NPCI is considering UPI Meta, which lets users save a preferred UPI ID on merchant websites. Notes ›
11. FACE report: RBI took 79 enforcement actions in FY25; penalties totalled ₹33 crore. Notes ›
12. Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services Ltd. received NPCI approval as a Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP). Notes ›
13. Revolut received final RBI approval in April 2025 to operate as a PPI issuer. Notes ›
14. FIU-IND and RBI signed an MoU to strengthen cooperation on money laundering and terrorism financing. Notes ›
15. The Finance Ministry set a ₹17.31 trillion target for MSME credit outstanding across public sector banks in FY26, up 19.5% from the expected ₹14.49 trillion in FY25. Notes ›

Economy

16. Fitch cut India's FY25 growth forecast to 6.2% and FY26 to 6.4%. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

17. Mangi Lal Jat, an ICRISAT scientist, was appointed Director-General of ICAR for three years. Notes ›

Science & Technology

18. TruthTell Hackathon is part of the 32 Create in India Challenges. Notes ›
19. JWST detected dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in the atmosphere of K2-18 b. Notes ›
20. KSEB and IIT Bombay began a pilot to test Vehicle-to-Grid technology in Kerala. Notes ›
21. A Lancet Planetary Health study says climate change and extreme weather disrupt blood donation and transfusion. Notes ›
22. India took part in GITEX Africa 2025, described as Africa's largest tech and startup show. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

23. NIAS Bengaluru, for the Principal Scientific Adviser's office, urged the Environment Ministry to reconsider the blanket FGD mandate. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

24. Shourya Ambure won bronze in the Under-18 women's 100m hurdles at the Asian Youth Championships. Notes ›
25. World Heritage Day is observed every year on 18 April. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Kailash Mansarovar Yatra has been suspended since 2019, with India and China working to resume it. Notes ›
2. Gonds are the second largest tribal group in India; the largest is the Bhil tribe. Notes ›
3. The Centre is unlikely to lift NREGS wages beyond the usual 2-7% annual hike, fearing inflation and fiscal complications. Notes ›
4. Japan will gift India E5 and E3 Shinkansen train sets, expected in early 2026. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. Sebi Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey said cases like Gensol Engineering fraud and mutual fund front-running are not systemic and need no regulatory overhaul. Notes ›
6. Repeated UPI outages were traced to banks sending too many Transaction Status API calls. Notes ›
7. PwC's review put the derivatives discrepancy at ₹1,979 crore as of 30 June 2024. Notes ›
8. Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Ajay Shekhar Sharma and One97 Communications agreed to pay Rs 2.79 crore to settle with SEBI. Notes ›
9. RBI withheld its 14-day VRR auction for the fortnight of April 17 to May 2. Notes ›
10. SEBI chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey announced a review of ESG disclosure norms, especially supply chain reporting. Notes ›
11. PNB launched 34 new products on its 131st Foundation Day, covering digital banking, inclusion and customer experience. Notes ›
12. RBI imposed a monetary penalty of ₹3.20 lakh on Citibank N.A. Notes ›

Economy

13. India's CPI retail inflation eased to 3.34% in March, the lowest since August 2019, per the National Statistics Office. Notes ›
14. Moody's Ratings projected India's 2025 growth at 5.5-6.5%, citing US tariffs. Notes ›
15. The Centre plans to merge DPE with Dipam under the Ministry of Finance. Notes ›

International Affairs

16. WTO now forecasts global merchandise trade to decline 0.2% in 2025 due to US tariff developments. Notes ›
17. India's trade deficit with China was $99.2 billion in FY 2024-25. Notes ›
18. White House said China may face tariffs of up to 245% on exports to the US. Notes ›
19. IFC called for expressions of interest in its Catalytic First Loss Guarantee Facility under the MSME Finance Platform. Notes ›
20. The U.S. reciprocal tariff formula is -1/2 x (U.S. exports minus U.S. imports) divided by U.S. imports. Notes ›

Science & Technology

21. Antariksh Bothale, an IIT-B graduate from Jodhpur, launched SanskritSahitya.org. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Kerala has 26,125 ASHAs under the National Health Mission, who protested day and night for over two months. Notes ›
2. Notified paediatric TB cases rose 38%, from 102,090 in 2020 to 141,182 in 2024. Notes ›
3. Retired Supreme Court judge Dinesh Maheshwari was appointed chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission of India. Notes ›
4. A Lok Sabha Select Committee met at Parliament House, New Delhi, on the new Income Tax Bill 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. SEBI is comprehensively reviewing Regulation 24 of the Mutual Fund Regulations. Notes ›
6. Crisil Ratings projects FY26 bank credit growth at 12-13%, up from 11-11.5% in FY25. Notes ›
7. NPCI met major banks and third-party app providers after UPI outages on March 26, March 31, April 2 and April 12, 2025. Notes ›
8. PwC pegged IndusInd Bank's derivatives discrepancy impact at ₹1,979 crore as of 30 June 2024. Notes ›
9. Axis Bank cut savings rates by 25 bps from April 15, 2025, to 2.75% up to ₹50 lakh. Notes ›
10. SEBI requires a minimum PMS investment of ₹50 lakh, in cash or securities. Notes ›
11. SEBI barred Kalapi Shah of Teji Mandi Analytics for five years over Portfolio Management Services violations. Notes ›
12. Sebi barred Anmol Singh Jaggi and Puneet Singh Jaggi from directorships and dealing in securities. Notes ›
13. IFC invited financial service providers to join its Catalytic First Loss Guarantee Facility. Notes ›
14. Capitalmind, founded by Deepak Shenoy, got SEBI's final approval to launch Capitalmind Mutual Fund. Notes ›
15. RBI introduced a theme-neutral On Tap Regulatory Sandbox on April 9, 2025; applications are accepted any time. Notes ›
16. HDFC Bank became the first Indian bank to execute a gold forward deal from GIFT City. Notes ›

Economy

17. Retail inflation fell to 3.34% in March 2025, the lowest in 5.5 years. Notes ›
18. Morgan Stanley cut India's 2025-26 growth forecast by 40 bps to 6.1%, blaming trade and tariff policy changes. Notes ›
19. The rupee ended at 85.77 per dollar on April 15, 2025, up 27 paise from 86.04. Notes ›

International Affairs

20. Civil war began in April 2023 between SAF chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF head Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo. Notes ›
21. WHO member states finalised a landmark pandemic agreement on 16 April 2025. Notes ›

Science & Technology

22. India lacks a formal AI law or endorsed national AI strategy; the 2018 NITI Aayog report is unofficial. Notes ›
23. The mantis shrimp, about 10 cm long, strikes prey at 23 m/s with its dactyl club. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

24. Net zero needs electrification of energy end uses, plus hydrogen replacing fossil feedstocks in industry. Notes ›
25. Olive Ridley 03233 is the first flipper-tagged turtle recorded across both of India's coasts and two ocean basins. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

26. IJR 2025, initiated by Tata Trusts, tracks states on Police, Judiciary, Prisons and Legal Aid. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Section 44(3) of the DPDP Act, 2023 amends Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act, 2005. Notes ›
2. ASI's Underwater Archaeology Wing explored Dwarka and Beyt Dwarka in Gujarat to document submerged remains. Notes ›
3. The Centre drafted gas meter rules under the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. Of 2,963 PM Vidyalaxmi applications as on 1 April 2025, 76% were pending, 20% sanctioned and 4% rejected. Notes ›
5. PMMY loans are classed Shishu, Kishore, Tarun and the new Tarun Plus (₹10-20 lakh). Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. RBI has cut the repo rate by 50 bps so far, 25 bps each in February and April 2025. Notes ›
7. SBI's board approved a restructuring package for RINL, replacing Union Bank of India as lead lender. Notes ›
8. Banks want power to freeze mule accounts without nod from law enforcement agencies or courts. Notes ›
9. IRDAI fined Flipkart ₹1.06 crore for breaching the Insurance E-commerce Guidelines, 2017 and Corporate Agent Regulations. Notes ›
10. NPCI issued a circular disabling QR Share and Pay-based international UPI transactions in the P2M category. Notes ›
11. RBI allowed lenders to bundle stressed loans into tradable securities. Notes ›

Economy

12. IMF says geopolitical shocks threaten global financial stability. Notes ›
13. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce, led by Dola Sen, sought a detailed reply from the CCI. Notes ›
14. Delhi School of Economics director Ram Singh's paper finds richer households report less income relative to wealth. Notes ›
15. Agrifood processing MSMEs grew at an AAGR of 7.26% over seven years. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

16. An NLSIU-Bengaluru and IIT-Madras study found farmers with non-farm work use farm labour more efficiently. Notes ›
17. India hit 20% ethanol blending in petrol in March 2025 and is preparing a 30% target for 2030. Notes ›
18. The four-day Second National Horticulture Expo 2081 closed at Bhrikutimandap, Kathmandu Valley. Notes ›
19. APEDA and the Arunachal Pradesh Government hosted an International Conclave cum Buyer-Seller Meet (IBSM) at Tawang. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. ISRO is building safety into Gaganyaan's launch, orbit and reentry phases. Notes ›
21. Silicon photonics builds photonic integrated circuits on silicon using standard CMOS manufacturing, to move data with light. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

22. The Kancha Gachibowli dispute concerns 400 acres in Hyderabad held legally by the Telangana Government. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Debate on the 16th Finance Commission centres on earmarking funds directly for panchayats and municipalities. Notes ›
2. Karnataka proposed a 1% to 5% fee on platform payouts to gig workers, rising with platform revenue. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. The Standing Committee on Rural Development tabled its MGNREGS report on 4 April 2025. Notes ›
4. PM Vishwakarma, outlay ₹13,000 crore, faces low loan disbursal by public sector banks. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. UPI had 995 minutes of downtime over 17 incidents between March 2020 and March 2025, blamed on intermittent technical issues. Notes ›
6. March is both year-end scrutiny and promotion season for public sector banks, with fairness of senior promotions under question. Notes ›
7. The Centre plans a risk-based KYC framework through PMLA amendments: lighter checks for low-risk, stricter for high-risk customers. Notes ›
8. Banks issued Rs 13.2 trillion of CDs in FY25 against Rs 9.6 trillion in FY24, a five-year high. Notes ›
9. Category III AIFs, in place since 2012, have raised over ₹1.29 trillion but lack a dedicated tax regime. Notes ›
10. SEBI's first board meeting under chairperson Tuhin Kanta Pandey was on 24 March. Notes ›
11. HDFC Bank cut its savings rate by 25 bps to 2.75% from 12 April 2025, lowest among major peers. Notes ›
12. Banks proposed a common insurance repository and shared customer data to curb fraud in loans against life policies. Notes ›
13. India's microfinance loan portfolio reached ₹3.91 lakh crore by FY25 Q3, as per a CRIF report. Notes ›

Economy

14. Prof. Ram Singh's paper used CBDT data, election affidavits and Forbes India's Top 100 list. Notes ›
15. AUM is the total market value of assets a fund manager or firm handles for clients; it moves with inflows, outflows and asset prices. Notes ›

International Affairs

16. India and Nepal agreed to deepen customs cooperation to ease trade and fight smuggling along their shared border. Notes ›
17. India invoked Article 12.3 of the Agreement on Safeguards to seek WTO consultations with the US over its steel and aluminium tariffs. Notes ›
18. Argentina signed a 48-month, $20 billion Extended Fund Facility with the IMF. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

19. Traditional seed varieties are resilient to droughts and floods and help restore soil health, but hybrid, high-yield crops are replacing them. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. BatEchoMon is India's first automated bat echolocation monitoring system, built by Kadambari Deshpande and Vedant Barje. Notes ›

Defence & Security

21. India and Tanzania co-hosted the first AIKEYME exercise off Dar-es-Salaam on April 13-18, 2025. Notes ›
22. DRDO tested the Mk-II(A) laser-based directed energy weapon, capable of defeating swarm drones, fixed-wing UAVs and sensors. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

23. RBI published its first bi-monthly Rural Consumer Confidence Survey (RCCS) results; each round targets 9,000 households. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Tamil Nadu notified 10 State Bills into law without Governor or President assent, relying on a Supreme Court ruling on deemed assent. Notes ›
2. On April 8, 2025 the Supreme Court held the Tamil Nadu Governor's refusal of assent to 10 Bills illegal. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Bank of India withdrew its special 400-day fixed deposit scheme, which paid up to 7.30%. Notes ›
4. UPI suffered its third major outage in about three weeks on Saturday, April 12, hitting Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm and bank apps. Notes ›

International Affairs

5. India and 62 other countries voted at the IMO in London for the world's first global carbon tax on an entire industry, shipping. Notes ›
6. IMF, World Bank and IDB together pledged $42 billion to back Argentina's economy. Notes ›
7. MAHAGENCO, Maharashtra's power generation company, signed an MoU with Russia's ROSATOM on a thorium-based small modular reactor (SMR). Notes ›

Science & Technology

8. CSIR-NAL expects Saras Mk2's first test flight by December 2027, said director Abhay Pashilkar. Notes ›
9. A Geophysical Research Letters study (March 17, 2025) compared India's 2011-2020 rainfall with 2001-2010 using GSMaP-ISRO data. Notes ›
10. The IDF formed a Type 5 Diabetes Working Group at the World Diabetes Congress 2025 in Bangkok. Notes ›
11. SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram, built an affordable real-time LAMP (rt-LAMP) assay for early TB diagnosis. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. Siachen Day is observed every year on 13 April to mark Operation Meghdoot of 1984. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

13. NITI Aayog released the report 'Automotive Industry: Powering India's Participation in Global Value Chains' in April 2025, prepared with CRISIL. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Ashwini Vaishnaw unveiled Kavach 5.0, an upgraded Automatic Train Protection system. Notes ›
2. PM Narendra Modi opened and began work on 44 Varanasi projects with a combined value of ₹3,880 crore. Notes ›
3. New Zealand qualified from the Asia-Oceania Billie Jean King Cup women's tennis event after beating Thailand. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI's draft gold loan rules are expected to hit NBFCs and mid-tier banks more than large banks. Notes ›
5. IRDAI warned Heritage TPA for unilaterally closing health claims and communicating denials to policyholders. Notes ›
6. New SEBI chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey plans principle-based, less micromanaging regulation. Notes ›
7. RBI announced a ₹40,000 crore OMO purchase and a ₹1.5 lakh crore 43-day VRR, both on April 17. Notes ›
8. SEBI warned the public about rising securities frauds on social media platforms. Notes ›
9. Piramal Finance and ICICI Bank will co-lend home loans and loans against property. Notes ›

Economy

10. Net equity mutual fund inflows fell 14.4% to ₹25,082 crore in March 2025. Notes ›
11. Industrial production growth slowed to a six-month low of 2.9% in February 2025. Notes ›
12. India aims to triple auto component exports to $60 billion within five years. Notes ›

International Affairs

13. China raised tariffs on US goods to 125% after the US went to 145%. Notes ›
14. Antonio Tajani expects the EU-India BTIA to be finalised by year-end. Notes ›
15. The EU was set up by the Maastricht Treaty, in force from 1 November 1993, and has 27 member states. Notes ›
16. Piyush Goyal said India will not seal the BTA under pressure: 'We do not negotiate at gunpoint.' Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

17. Punjab banned sale of hybrid (non-Basmati) paddy seeds, citing high seed prices and a low out turn ratio in milling. Notes ›

Science & Technology

18. Government is working on 25 chipset designs with IP kept in India; 13 chipset projects run under the DLI scheme. Notes ›
19. Government plans to add multilingual religious texts, dialects and oral narratives to the AIKosh database to train AI models. Notes ›
20. Colossal Biosciences, a US firm led by geneticist George Church, uses CRISPR gene editing to attempt reviving extinct species such as the woolly mammoth. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

21. Thirty years after the Beijing Declaration, climate change and migration threaten gender gains of rural women. Notes ›
22. The IMO approved the first legally binding global framework to cut shipping greenhouse gas emissions. Notes ›
23. India's e-waste rose 151.03% from 2017-18 to 2023-24, from 7,08,445 to 17,78,400 metric tonnes. Notes ›
24. Telangana proposed auctioning 400 acres of Kancha Gachibowli forest, next to the University of Hyderabad, for an IT park. Notes ›
25. An IMD and IITM study (1987-2021) found rainwater pH falling at 10 Global Atmosphere Watch stations. Notes ›

Defence & Security

26. DRDO held successful release trials of the Gaurav long-range glide bomb. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

27. The Information and Broadcasting Ministry announced winners of the WAVES Summit 2025 Theme Music Competition. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Jyotiba Phule was born on 11 April 1827 into the Mali caste, traditionally linked to gardening. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Delhi joined AB PM-JAY; the first 30 beneficiaries got cards at Vigyan Bhawan. Notes ›
3. PM-POSHAN material cost goes up 9.5% from 1 May 2025, costing ₹954 crore more in FY 2025-26. Notes ›
4. Centre and Delhi signed a ₹2,406 crore PM-ABHIM agreement. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. A study in the RBI's Monetary Policy Report 2025 uses a Geo-Political Risk (GPR) Index to measure geopolitical shocks. Notes ›
6. Nabfid signed an MoU with the New Development Bank (NDB) on infrastructure financing and sustainable development. Notes ›
7. Repo rate was cut to 6%, the second cut of 2025, so bank NIMs are likely to fall as loans reprice faster than deposits. Notes ›
8. Co-lending would be allowed across all regulated entities, including NBFC-to-NBFC and bank-to-bank tie-ups. Notes ›
9. Resilient Payments, a BharatPe unit, got final RBI authorisation as an online payment aggregator. Notes ›
10. Indian Bank, PNB and Bank of India cut benchmark lending rates after the RBI's 25 bps repo cut to 6%. Notes ›

Economy

11. The WACR-repo spread narrowed to 7 bps in March 2025 from a 15 bps peak in December 2024. Notes ›
12. Non-life insurance premium reached ₹3.08 trillion in FY25, growing 6.2% year on year, a three-year low. Notes ›
13. Moody's Analytics cut India's 2025 GDP forecast to 6.1% from 6.4% over US tariff risk. Notes ›
14. The US paused reciprocal tariffs, keeping a baseline 10% duty, giving Indian exporters temporary relief. Notes ›

International Affairs

15. Zelenskyy said Ukraine has evidence that 155 Chinese nationals fought alongside Russian forces. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

16. NABARD-managed RIDF has a ₹40,000 crore annual budget, up from ₹30,000 crore in FY22. Notes ›
17. The US paused steep reciprocal tariffs for three months, easing pressure on Indian farm and marine exporters. Notes ›

Science & Technology

18. Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated the Himalayan High Altitude Atmospheric and Climate Research Centre at Nathatop, J&K, on April 11, 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

19. Rajnath Singh addressed the 80th Defence Services Staff College course convocation in Wellington, Nilgiris. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

20. Female LFPR rose to 41.7% in 2023-24 from 23.2% in 2017-18, against 77.2% for men. Notes ›
21. Ministry of Panchayati Raj launched the Panchayat Advancement Index on April 9, 2025, covering 2.16 lakh validated gram panchayats. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Supreme Court ruled that the 10 Tamil Nadu Bills were deemed to have received assent. Notes ›
2. Ashwini Vaishnaw asked UIDAI to draft a new Aadhaar law compatible with the DPDP Act, 2023. Notes ›
3. Arya Borse and Rudrankksh Patil won silver in mixed team 10 m air rifle at ISSF World Cup 2025. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. Cabinet approved M-CADWM, a PMKSY sub-scheme, with ₹1,600 crore initial outlay for 2025-26. Notes ›
5. Palna, restructured from the National Creche Scheme in 2022, falls under the Samarthya sub-scheme of Mission Shakti. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra said events at IndusInd Bank and New India Co-operative Bank are isolated, not systemic failures. Notes ›
7. RBI's draft guidelines set a uniform 75% LTV cap on all gold loans by banks and NBFCs, held throughout the tenor. Notes ›
8. The 10-year government bond yield settled at 6.44%, the lowest since December 20, 2021. Notes ›
9. RBI is reviewing whether to keep the Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR) as its operating target. Notes ›
10. SEBI formed a high-level committee on conflict of interest involving its board members and employees. Notes ›
11. Indian Bank trimmed its RBLR (Repo-Linked Benchmark Lending Rate) from 9.05% to 8.70%, from April 11. Notes ›
12. RBI proposed a market-based securitisation route for stressed assets, alongside ARCs under the SARFAESI Act, 2002. Notes ›
13. RBI's draft framework would let co-lending cover any loan category, not just priority sector lending. Notes ›
14. Bandhan Bank launched the Elite Plus savings account for HNIs. Notes ›
15. Razorpay, NBSL and Axis Bank launched the Turbo UPI plugin on BHIM Vega. Notes ›
16. NPST signed a multi-year contract with Central Bank of India to expand offline digital payments. Notes ›

Economy

17. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 bps to 6%, its second cut of the cycle, with a unanimous six-member MPC vote. Notes ›
18. CBDT set 30 April 2025 as the last date for declarations under the DTVSV Scheme 2024. Notes ›
19. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 bps from 6.25% to 6%, its second straight cut in 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

20. India and Nepal signed an agriculture MoU during the 3rd BIMSTEC Agriculture Ministerial Meeting. Notes ›

Science & Technology

21. JR West built the 3D-printed Hatsushima station in Arida, Wakayama Prefecture, in six hours. Notes ›
22. The 9th Global Technology Summit opened in New Delhi in 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

23. The CCS cleared 26 Rafale-Marine jets from France at nearly ₹63,000 crore. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

24. ADB's Asia Development Outlook April 2025 cut India's FY26 growth forecast to 6.7% from 7%. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Supreme Court called Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi's long inaction on ten Bills unconstitutional under Article 200. Notes ›
2. Lodhi Garden marked its 89th anniversary; it was first known as Bagh-e-Jud, a pleasure garden under the Sayyids. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. Niveshak Didi is a women-led financial literacy drive by IEPFA and IPPB. Notes ›
4. The scheme has an outlay of ₹22,919 crore for domestic electronic component manufacturing. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. MCA is considering an oversight committee to enforce the Committee of Creditors' code of conduct under the IBC. Notes ›
6. Shriram Finance, a large NBFC, sought a standalone Primary Dealer licence from the RBI. Notes ›
7. Jio Finance, the NBFC arm of Jio Financial Services, launched a fully digital Loan Against Securities product. Notes ›
8. UPI had several outages between 26 March and 2 April 2025, hitting both bank and third-party apps. Notes ›
9. The government urged banks to promote rupee trade settlement via the Special Rupee Vostro Account (SRVA) system. Notes ›
10. Bank of Baroda launched the bob Square Drive Deposit Scheme with a 444-day tenure, effective 7 April 2025. Notes ›
11. Piramal Finance surrendered its HFC licence after RBI registered it afresh on April 4, 2025. Notes ›

Economy

12. Finance Ministry notified Form ITRB through a gazette notification. Notes ›
13. RBI's second OMO of FY26 drew bids of ₹70,144 crore, over 3.5 times the notified ₹20,000 crore. Notes ›
14. The rupee closed at ₹86.26 per dollar, down 0.5%. Notes ›

International Affairs

15. Trump threatened tariffs above 100% on Chinese imports; China called it blackmail. Notes ›
16. Modi was the first foreign leader to visit after President Dissanayake's election. Notes ›
17. Sheikh Hamdan, Dubai Crown Prince and UAE Defence Minister, paid his first official visit to India. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

18. Amalsad Chikoo from Navsari district, Gujarat, got a GI tag. Notes ›
19. The fourth Agri Founders Retreat was held at Chilika, Odisha, with 57 agricultural entrepreneurs. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. The Genome India Project began in January 2020 under the Department of Biotechnology, inspired by the Human Genome Project (mapped in 2003). Notes ›
21. Oxford and Universidad de Sevilla researchers showed quantum supremacy with the odd-cycle colouring game. Notes ›
22. Colossal Biosciences announced three pups, Romulus, Remus and Khaleesi, carrying dire wolf traits through gene editing. Notes ›
23. Globalstar, Apple's Emergency SOS satellite partner, applied to IN-SPACe to enter India. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

24. Asia-Pacific supplied 60% of global growth in 2024. Notes ›
25. Lokniti-CSDS and Common Cause surveyed 8,276 police personnel in 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. PSBs revised special FDs after better liquidity and the first repo rate cut since the pandemic. Notes ›
2. HDFC Bank cut MCLR by 10 bps across tenures from April 8, 2025; the new range is 9.10% to 9.35%. Notes ›
3. SEBI fined Reliance Securities Rs 7 lakh for breaching stockbroker norms. Notes ›
4. System deposit growth averaged 10.5% in Q4 FY25, down from 11.5% in Q3. Notes ›
5. NCLAT dismissed IDBI Bank's insolvency petition against Zee Entertainment over dues of about ₹150 crore. Notes ›
6. Finance Ministry is preparing the One State-One RRB policy, merging 43 Regional Rural Banks into 28. Notes ›
7. NaBFID sanctioned a ₹2,300 crore, 22-year construction loan to Welspun One Logistics Parks. Notes ›

Economy

8. Indian equities had their steepest fall since the COVID-era crash. Notes ›
9. A 25-basis-point repo cut to 6% was widely expected from the MPC. Notes ›
10. The US put a 26% tariff on Indian exports; China answered with a 34% tariff. Notes ›
11. The MPC was widely expected to cut the repo rate by 25 bps to 6% in April 2025. Notes ›
12. Officials said India stays on track for 6.3-6.8% FY26 real growth despite 26% US tariffs. Notes ›

International Affairs

13. Benjamin Netanyahu was the first foreign leader to personally seek an exemption from Trump's new tariffs. Notes ›
14. Hungary announced withdrawal from the International Criminal Court, becoming the first EU member state to do so. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

15. FAO's Four Betters Courses began in October 2024 at the World Food Forum. Notes ›
16. Farm policy should shift from consumption support to investment to reach Viksit Bharat by 2047. Notes ›

Science & Technology

17. MOSPI revamped its Microdata Portal, built with the World Bank technology team, for survey and economic census data. Notes ›
18. Iron inside the sun absorbs far more light than solar models predicted. Notes ›
19. Over 60% of the world, about 5.5 billion people, is online as of 2025, per DataReportal. Notes ›
20. Biomass is ESA's seventh Earth Explorer, launched on 29 April 2025 on a Vega-C rocket from French Guiana. Notes ›

Defence & Security

21. INS Sunayna sailed from Karwar under IOS SAGAR, flagged off by Rajnath Singh. Notes ›
22. Amit Shah announced a dual-model electronic surveillance system for the India-Pakistan border. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

23. The survey covered 8,276 police personnel across 82 locations in 17 states by Lokniti-CSDS and Common Cause. Notes ›
24. MoSPI released the 26th edition of Women and Men in India 2024. Notes ›
25. Apollo Hospitals' Health of the Nation 2025 was launched on World Health Day. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Just 95 of 769 High Court judges (12.35%) in 25 High Courts had disclosed assets voluntarily. Notes ›
2. World Health Day 2025 stressed maternal and newborn health. Notes ›
3. Seven West Bengal products received Geographical Indication tags, lifting the state's GI total to 33. Notes ›
4. ICMR is leading a real-time surveillance study on zoonotic spillover from birds to humans. Notes ›
5. The Tipitaka was gifted to India's Prime Minister at the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, reviving interest in Buddhism's history. Notes ›

Government Schemes

6. Stand-Up India began on April 5, 2016, under the Ministry of Finance. Notes ›
7. UPS, approved in August 2024, applies from 1 April 2025 and covers over 2.3 million central employees. Notes ›
8. More than 52 crore loans worth over ₹32 lakh crore have been sanctioned under PM Mudra Yojana so far. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

9. NPCI aims to lift UPI from 400-450 million monthly users to over 1 billion. Notes ›
10. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 bps to 6%, the second consecutive cut in 2025. Notes ›
11. RBI raised risk weights on unsecured personal loans and credit card dues in November 2023. Notes ›
12. 'RBI Kehta Hai' is an ongoing RBI outreach that teaches the public about financial literacy, safety and sound habits. Notes ›
13. IFSCA approved three GIFT City entities, including HDFC Bank, as insurance corporate agents for overseas Indians. Notes ›
14. NABARD gave Jharkhand ₹5,830 crore for 2024-25 for rural infrastructure and farm productivity. Notes ›
15. RBI fined South Canara District Central Cooperative (SCDCC) Bank ₹5 lakh for lending to its own directors. Notes ›
16. SEBI unveiled an operational framework to set up a Performance Validation Agency (PVA). Notes ›
17. SEBI proposed an Investor Charter for KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs) to raise investor awareness. Notes ›

Economy

18. The Centre may raise thresholds and narrow the draft Digital Competition Bill to spare startups. Notes ›
19. The new CPI series, due in February 2026, will include rural housing inflation for the first time. Notes ›
20. The revised CPI will, for the first time, include housing inflation in rural areas. Notes ›
21. After the February 2025 cut of 25 bps, another 25 bps cut looked likely, with the stance staying neutral. Notes ›

International Affairs

22. Modi visited Sri Lanka on 4-6 April 2025 at President Anura Kumara Dissanayake's invitation and received the Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana. Notes ›
23. BIMSTEC adopted the Bangkok Vision 2030 to become a Prosperous, Resilient and Open (PRO) bloc by 2030. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

24. India ranks third in fish and second in prawn production; Andhra Pradesh leads. Notes ›
25. GEAC cleared genetically engineered alfalfa hay imports in July 2024, but the Agriculture Ministry's final notification is pending. Notes ›

Science & Technology

26. CAPTCHA stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart. Notes ›
27. RAPID-CRISPR, built at ACTREC, Tata Memorial Hospital, detects the PML-RARA fusion in under 3 hours. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

28. Ice stupas are cone-shaped artificial glaciers that store winter water as ice. Notes ›

Defence & Security

29. Project Varsha will create INS Varsha, a nuclear submarine base near Rambilli, south of Visakhapatnam, due in 2026. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

30. The IMF-World Bank FSAP found India's financial system stronger and more diverse since 2017. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The seventh Khelo India Youth Games were set for five cities of Bihar from May 4 to 15, 2025. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Cabinet approved Rs 25,497 crore: Rs 18,658 crore for railways and Rs 6,839 crore for Vibrant Villages Programme-II. Notes ›
3. Union Cabinet cleared Vibrant Villages Programme Phase-II (VVP-II) on April 4, 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. India Fintech Foundation, a proposed SRO for fintechs (SROFT), was announced at Startup Mahakumbh in Delhi. Notes ›
5. Banks parked ₹4.13 trillion with RBI under the Standing Deposit Facility, the highest since its April 2022 introduction. Notes ›
6. The revised FEMA draft covers export and import transactions and aims at ease of doing business. Notes ›
7. SIFs are a new mutual fund structure blending PMS and AIF flexibility with MF tax and ticket-size benefits. Notes ›
8. Securis Finance, a FirstPay Technologies arm, got an RBI NBFC licence. Notes ›
9. The Department of Posts signed an MoU with Nippon India Mutual Fund for doorstep KYC. Notes ›
10. Gullak, a digital gold platform, was in talks to raise $5-6 million, likely led by Chiratae Ventures. Notes ›
11. IndusInd's CASA growth fell to 32.8% in March 2025 from 34.9%. Notes ›
12. The Dirty Dozen by N. Sundaresha Subramanian studies India's twelve biggest corporate defaulters and their NPAs. Notes ›
13. USTR said LIC's explicit sovereign guarantee and different oversight tilt the insurance playing field. Notes ›

Economy

14. Banks are weighing changes to credit guarantee terms to shield MSMEs from tariff-linked credit risk. Notes ›
15. SBI expects dumping and lower inflation in India after US reciprocal tariffs. Notes ›
16. Textiles, auto components and gems & jewellery MSMEs are most exposed to reciprocal tariffs; pharmaceuticals are exempt. Notes ›
17. US tariffs are expected to cut India's FY26 GDP growth by 20-40 basis points. Notes ›

International Affairs

18. China announced a 34% tariff on all U.S. products from April 10, 2025, answering Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs. Notes ›
19. The US imposed reciprocal tariffs of 26% on India and 20% on the EU. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. Ferruaspis brocksi is a new freshwater fish fossil about 15 million years old, found at McGraths Flat, New South Wales. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

21. MoEF&CC withdrew the star-rating system for State Environmental Impact Assessment Authorities, begun on 17 January 2022. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

22. India ranked 10th globally with about $1.4 billion of private investment in AI, per UNCTAD's 2025 Technology and Innovation Report. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. NITI Aayog and NCAER launched the NITI-NCAER States Economic Forum, a portal compiling State-level economic and development data in comparable form. Notes ›
2. Lok Sabha passed the Coastal Shipping Bill, 2024, creating a dedicated legal framework for coastal trade. Notes ›
3. Kumbakonam Vetrilai (betel leaf) and Thovalai Maanikka Maalai (garland) of Tamil Nadu received GI tags. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. EPFO permanently dropped cheque leaf or passbook uploads for online claims. Notes ›
5. SBI's report says PMMY lending is shifting toward financially under-served states over the past decade. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. Bankers want the Secured Overnight Rupee Rate (SORR) to replace Weighted Average Call Rate (WACR) as benchmark. Notes ›
7. Sebi exempted the Government of India from an open offer in Vodafone Idea after its spectrum dues convert into equity. Notes ›
8. Sebi launched the Document Number Verification System (SebiDNVS) on 3 April 2025 to verify its notices, orders and summons. Notes ›
9. Bids of ₹80,820 crore came for the ₹20,000 crore OMO purchase, four times the notified amount. Notes ›
10. Banks asked RBI to make daily on-tap overnight borrowing the main liquidity tool instead of the 14-day VRR. Notes ›
11. RBI has approved the merger of BlackSoil Capital and Caspian Debt; NCLT approval is still pending. Notes ›
12. Citi and SBI launched a $295 million social loan facility for small and marginal farmers. Notes ›
13. Bank of Maharashtra partnered with Customer Capital to start a travel and loyalty rewards programme for cardholders. Notes ›
14. The Central Pension Accounting Office authorised IDFC FIRST Bank to pay central government pensions. Notes ›
15. Axis Bank became the first bank in India to go live with B2B collections on NBBL's Bharat Connect. Notes ›

Economy

16. NCLAT approved Bharti Telecom's 2018 capital reduction scheme, rejecting minority shareholders' objections. Notes ›
17. A 21 March notification raised MSME investment and turnover limits from this financial year. Notes ›

International Affairs

18. A 10% baseline US tariff applied from April 5 and country-specific reciprocal tariffs, up to 49%, from April 9. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

19. US imposed 27% reciprocal tariffs on India; experts saw short-term pain but relative resilience against rivals. Notes ›
20. SMAM, run by states under RKVY, funds farm machinery, hiring centres, machinery banks and Kisan drones. Notes ›
21. ICAR institutes are developing drone sprayers, autonomous weeders, robotic harvesters and AI-based crop disease detectors. Notes ›

Science & Technology

22. Airtel and Jio partnered with SpaceX to offer Starlink satellite internet, aimed at rural and remote last-mile connectivity. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

23. NITI Aayog held a national workshop in New Delhi on weaving climate adaptation into local-level development planning. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

24. India ranked 10th worldwide for private AI investment in 2023, with about $1.4 billion. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Waqf Amendment Bill 2024 seeks to change the Waqf Act 1995 to bring accountability and transparency to Waqf boards. Notes ›
2. India is weighing a switch to the WGS84 datum for its shoreline, replacing the Everest Ellipsoid system. Notes ›
3. The Rajya Sabha passed the Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025 on a Wednesday. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. MGNREGA daily wage rose from ₹349 to ₹370 from April 1, 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. Poonam Gupta was appointed RBI Deputy Governor, likely handling monetary policy, days before the April 7-9 MPC. Notes ›
6. Banks and NBFCs began reducing deposit rates, with the RBI expected to cut the repo rate on April 9 after a February cut. Notes ›
7. Stress in unsecured consumer loans pushed lenders towards AI-led recovery tools. Notes ›
8. Fusion and Spandana Sphoorty shares fell over 70% amid rising defaults and stress. Notes ›
9. Lok Sabha passed the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024; Presidential assent is pending. Notes ›
10. Beams Fintech Fund joined NBFC Infinity Fincorp's extended Series A, now $40 million (₹342 crore). Notes ›
11. SEBI chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey prefers incremental reforms to big-bang changes and aims for optimum regulation. Notes ›
12. NABARD and SBI will jointly support sustainable rural development in Assam. Notes ›

Economy

13. Banks want a CRR cut to free about ₹1.3 lakh crore held at RBI without interest. Notes ›
14. RBI's net short forward position hit $78.6 billion in February. Notes ›
15. HSBC India Manufacturing PMI rose to 58.1 in March from a 14-month low of 56.3 in February. Notes ›

International Affairs

16. On 7 March 2025 Trump wrote to Iran's Supreme Leader Khamenei seeking nuclear talks; on 15 March the US struck Houthis in Yemen. Notes ›
17. The plan seeks to match tariffs charged by partners and reviews non-tariff barriers and currency manipulation. Notes ›
18. A 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck 20 km from Mandalay, Myanmar, on 28 March 2025; the biggest aftershock measured 6.4. Notes ›
19. The 6th BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok carried the theme "Prosperous, Resilient, and Open BIMSTEC". Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. ChaSTE took the first in-situ temperature readings near the Moon's south pole, from Vikram lander in August 2023. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

21. MoEFCC is drafting EPR guidelines for C&D waste, used cooking oil and toxic and hazardous waste. Notes ›
22. Aerosols are fine solid or liquid particles floating in air, from natural or human sources. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

23. UNESCO released 'Education and Nutrition: Learn to Eat Well' on 31 March 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. NEP 2020 rests on five pillars: access, equity, quality, affordability and accountability. Notes ›
2. Rajya Sabha passed the Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. The Cabinet returned the Labour Ministry's employment-linked incentive proposal for refinement. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI announced OMO purchases of ₹80,000 crore, in four tranches of ₹20,000 crore each. Notes ›
5. Q3FY25 microfinance loan originations fell 35% in value and 42% in volume year-on-year, per CRIF data. Notes ›
6. Governor Sanjay Malhotra said RBI will work to improve access, efficiency and resilience over the next decade. Notes ›
7. RBI issued a Master Direction on deposit interest rates, effective at once. Notes ›
8. Treasury heads urged a CRR of 4%, releasing at least ₹1.30 lakh crore. Notes ›
9. Axis Bank, with JP Morgan's Kinexys Digital Payments, began round-the-clock programmable dollar clearing for firms. Notes ›
10. RBI raised the SLF limit for Standalone Primary Dealers from ₹10,000 crore to ₹15,000 crore from April 2, 2025. Notes ›
11. Spouses of deceased central government pensioners can keep getting family pension in the same joint account. Notes ›

Economy

12. On April 1, FPIs sold equities worth ₹5,902 crore, the largest single-day outflow since February 28. Notes ›
13. March 2025 GST collection hit ₹1,96,141 crore, up 9.9%, second-highest ever. Notes ›
14. More than 1 million manpower resources were hired via Government e-Marketplace (GeM) during FY 2024-25. Notes ›

International Affairs

15. Greenland's prime minister rejected Trump's claim that the US would take over the island. Notes ›
16. India and China agreed to resume direct flights, visas, the Mansarovar Yatra and talks on trans-border rivers, three months after the LAC disengagement. Notes ›
17. India and Chile will start CEPA negotiations after talks with visiting President Gabriel Boric Font. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

18. Maharashtra is closing its ₹1 crop insurance scheme (started 2023); a revised version comes with kharif 2025. Notes ›
19. Kisan e-Mitra is an AI chatbot answering PM Kisan Samman Nidhi queries in 11 regional languages. Notes ›

Science & Technology

20. A PNAS Nexus study found painted lady butterflies (Vanessa cardui) migrate according to environment, not genetic difference. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

21. WEF Global Risks Report 2025 ranked misinformation and disinformation as the top short-term global risk. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Lok Sabha strength has been frozen at 543 seats since 1971, and the freeze is due to end in 2026. Notes ›
2. An assurance is a ministerial promise in Parliament needing follow-up and a report back to the House. Notes ›
3. Nidhi Tewari, an Indian Foreign Service officer of the 2014 batch, was appointed private secretary to PM Narendra Modi. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. IndusInd Bank's MD was reappointed for one year although a three-year term had been sought. Notes ›
5. IndusInd Bank raised ₹16,550 crore through CDs in March 2025 amid deposit outflows. Notes ›
6. Sebi examined letting foreign individuals invest directly in India's primary and secondary equity markets. Notes ›
7. Investment banks asked Sebi to lower the 35% retail quota in big IPOs, citing price discovery. Notes ›
8. RBI restored the risk weight on bank loans to NBFCs to 100% from 125%, effective 1 April 2025. Notes ›
9. RBI marked 90 years with the theme 'Stability, Trust, and Growth'. Notes ›

Economy

10. Economic Survey projected FY26 growth at 6.3% to 6.8%, while RBI estimated 6.7%. Notes ›
11. The Labour Bureau's expert panel, headed by Asit Kumar Sadhu, will move CPIAL and CPIRL from base year 1986-87 to 2024-25. Notes ›

International Affairs

12. US President Trump said reciprocal tariffs, due on April 2, would apply to all countries with no exemptions. Notes ›
13. Eight nations form the Arctic Council: Canada, Denmark (Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US. Notes ›

Science & Technology

14. Dhruva Space (Hyderabad) and Infostellar (Japan) will explore linking a 3.8m S&X-band antenna to StellarStation. Notes ›
15. Mood disorders are marked by pathological shifts in mood, energy and activity; major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are two main types. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

16. Researchers at Central University of Kerala found monsoon rainfall in the Western Ghats has increased steadily for 800 years. Notes ›

Defence & Security

17. Baltic Sentry is a NATO operation begun in January 2025 to protect undersea cables and pipelines in the Baltic Sea. Notes ›