One Liner Current Affairs: December 2025

National Affairs

1. India is the world's third-largest holder of rare earth reserves, about 6.9 million tonnes of REO. Notes ›
2. Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the redeveloped Batadrava Than in Assam. Notes ›
3. The PM praised Narsapuram Lace Craft in Man Ki Baat as a model of women-led empowerment. Notes ›
4. Jharkhand decided to add an 'Other' religion category to its ongoing school survey after tribal groups objected to exclusion of indigenous faiths. Notes ›

Government Schemes

5. AB-PMJAY, described as India's flagship health assurance scheme, started in 2018. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. Clause 124 of the Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 proposes transferring SEBI's annual surplus to the Consolidated Fund of India. Notes ›
7. The Centre is considering amending the SARFAESI Act, 2002 to include Special Situation Funds as financial institutions. Notes ›
8. RBI said bank fundraising through capital markets fell to a three-year low. Notes ›
9. RBI's Trend and Progress of Banking in India report flagged a 30% jump in the amount involved in bank frauds. Notes ›
10. Rediff.com India Limited, a subsidiary of Infibeam Avenues, got final NPCI approval to operate as a TPAP. Notes ›

Economy

11. India overtook Japan as the fourth-largest economy, with GDP of about USD 4.18 trillion. Notes ›

International Affairs

12. India and New Zealand concluded their FTA in December 2025, talks having begun in March 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. Union Minister Pralhad Joshi released IS 19262:2025. Notes ›

Science & Technology

14. RDIF has a corpus of ₹1 lakh crore (about $11 billion). Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. MoEFCC notified Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary in Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, as an Eco-Sensitive Zone. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. INSV Kaundinya is a stitched sailing ship reviving India's ancient maritime heritage. Notes ›
17. DRDO carried out the first flight test of the Pinaka LRGR-120 guided rocket at ITR Chandipur. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

18. Frauds fell to 23,879 cases in 2024-25 but their value rose to ₹34,771 crore from ₹11,261 crore. Notes ›
19. RBI published its Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India on 30 December 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. PM Modi urged States to copy PRAGATI and set up Data Strategy Units and deregulation cells. Notes ›
2. Gandikota Canyon is a river gorge carved by the Penna (Pennar) River, nicknamed the Grand Canyon of India. Notes ›
3. Biswa Bandhu Sen, Speaker of the Tripura Legislative Assembly, passed away in December 2025. Notes ›
4. The Indian National Congress marked its 140th Foundation Day on 28 December 2025. Notes ›
5. Arjun Erigaisi won bronze in the men's section of the 2025 FIDE World Rapid Championship. Notes ›

Government Schemes

6. The Ministry of Civil Aviation set up a 24x7 Passenger Assistance Control Room (PACR) for air passengers' grievances. Notes ›
7. Delhi launched the Atal Canteen scheme, inaugurated by CM Rekha Gupta with Union Minister Manohar Lal. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

8. Parliament passed the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025. Notes ›
9. RBI granted Aryaman Finance (India) Ltd a Certificate of Registration in December 2025. Notes ›
10. Canara HSBC Life Insurance signed a strategic bancassurance partnership with Equitas Small Finance Bank. Notes ›
11. PayNearby received a Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP) licence from NPCI. Notes ›

Science & Technology

12. Railways missed the December 2025 deadline to operationalise Kavach on the Mumbai-Delhi and Delhi-Howrah routes. Notes ›
13. PARAM Rudra was inaugurated at IIT Patna on 26 December 2025, the first in Bihar. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

14. Chhattisgarh, with the Wildlife Institute of India, began detailed biodiversity surveys at Kanger Valley National Park. Notes ›
15. The Indian Coast Guard held RPREX-25 off Mumbai in December 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. India test-fired the K-4 SLBM from INS Arighaat in the Bay of Bengal off Visakhapatnam. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

17. Magnus Carlsen (Open) and Aleksandra Goryachkina (Women) won the World Rapid Chess Championship golds. Notes ›
18. PM Narendra Modi praised Chokhone Krichena, the 'Flower Lady of Manipur', during Mann Ki Baat. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. A mural by M. F. Husain at LIC headquarters in Mumbai faces serious neglect. Notes ›
2. The Union government issued an Expression of Interest (EoI) to select an agency to build a Customs Integrated System (CIS). Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. PMGSY completed 25 years in December 2025; it began on 25 December 2000. Notes ›
4. On 25 December 2025 Jitendra Singh launched five DoPT digital initiatives on Good Governance Day in New Delhi. Notes ›
5. NIFTEM-K signed an MoU with the Ministry of Minority Affairs in December 2025 to implement PM-VIKAS. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. IRDAI imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Reliance General Insurance. Notes ›
7. SEBI doubled the simplified-documentation limit for duplicate securities certificates from ₹5 lakh to ₹10 lakh. Notes ›
8. IRDAI brings two major reforms for insurers from April 2026: Risk-Based Capital norms and Ind AS 117. Notes ›
9. The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025, cleared by Parliament, gives IRDAI stronger powers. Notes ›
10. SBI launched YONO 2.0, an upgraded version of its YONO (You Only Need One) platform. Notes ›
11. Canara Bank launched Canara ai1Pe, a UPI app for simple, secure, inclusive payments. Notes ›

Economy

12. India's IPO market raised about ₹3.8 lakh crore through 701 IPOs during 2024-25. Notes ›
13. The Customs Integrated System (CIS) will be a single national digital platform for customs. Notes ›

International Affairs

14. India will chair the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme from 1 January 2026. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

15. AIF is a ₹1 lakh crore Central Sector Scheme launched in 2020 for post-harvest and farm-gate infrastructure, running 2020-2030. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

16. ZSI scientists announced Neelus sikkimensis, a new springtail from high-altitude Sikkim. Notes ›

Defence & Security

17. India test-fired the K-4 missile, range about 3,500 km, from INS Arighaat in December 2025. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

18. Cricketer Vaibhav Suryavanshi, aged 14, received the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar. Notes ›
19. Shravan Singh, aged 10, is from Chak Taran Wali village in Ferozepur, Punjab. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. PM Narendra Modi inaugurated Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow, a memorial for Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Deen Dayal Upadhyay and Shyama Prasad Mookerjee. Notes ›
2. Chhattisgarh plans to develop the Bhoramdeo Temple complex on the lines of the Kashi Vishwanath Corridor. Notes ›
3. PESA Mahotsav was held on 23-24 December 2025 at Visakhapatnam Port Authority Stadium, Andhra Pradesh. Notes ›
4. A 2,000-year-old circular stone labyrinth was found at Boramani grasslands, Solapur, Maharashtra. Notes ›
5. President Droupadi Murmu released the Constitution in Santhali at Rashtrapati Bhavan. Notes ›
6. FSSAI warned food business operators against labelling herbal infusions and plant-based blends as 'tea'. Notes ›
7. On 23 December 2025 Manohar Lal virtually inaugurated commercial operation of Unit-2, rated 250 MW. Notes ›
8. Alpine SG Pipers won the 3rd edition of the Global Chess League 2025, beating Triveni Continental Kings in the final. Notes ›
9. Vice President C. P. Radhakrishnan released the book 'Economic Empowerment of Bharat in the Modi Era'. Notes ›
10. National Consumer Rights Day is observed across India on 24 December, focusing on consumer rights and protection. Notes ›

Government Schemes

11. The Union government is set to operationalise the ₹15,000 crore SWAMIH-2 Fund soon, per official sources. Notes ›
12. In December 2025, J P Nadda and Mohan Yadav laid foundation stones of India's first PPP medical colleges in Dhar and Betul. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

13. RBI deferred Phase-2 of CCSR, due 3 January 2026, until further notice. Notes ›
14. The Securities Markets Code 2025 merges three laws and has gone to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance. Notes ›
15. RBI planned about ₹3 trillion of durable liquidity to offset its rupee-support intervention. Notes ›

Science & Technology

16. IIT Delhi researchers developed AILA (Artificially Intelligent Lab Assistant), an AI that independently conducts real experiments. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

17. BNEF: India regained third place in global wind additions in 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

18. The Indian Coast Guard commissioned Samudra Pratap, its first indigenously designed and built Pollution Control Vessel, on 23 December 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The SHANTI Act, 2025 replaces the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. The President assented to the VB-G RAM G Act 2025 (Viksit Bharat-Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin)), replacing MGNREGA 2005. Notes ›
3. Manohar Lal Khattar released the 10th Swachh Survekshan Toolkit in Bhopal on 20 December 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Mswipe Technologies Private Limited received RBI's final Payment Aggregator licence in December 2025. Notes ›
5. South Indian Bank launched the RuPay SIB Paytag Sticker on 20 December 2025. Notes ›

Economy

6. An RBI bulletin study found gold the most stable asset in high geopolitical stress. Notes ›
7. RBI's December report said growth stayed resilient on strong domestic demand. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. COSP-11 of the UN Convention against Corruption was held in Doha, Qatar, from 15 to 19 December 2025. Notes ›
9. The IMF approved USD 206 million in emergency help for Sri Lanka under the Rapid Financing Instrument after Cyclone Ditwah. Notes ›
10. India and the Netherlands signed an MoU on developing the National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal. Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. Biofabri of Spain, part of Zendal Group, and Hyderabad's Bharat Biotech International signed a technology transfer agreement. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. On 20 November 2025 the Supreme Court accepted a new Aravalli Hills definition: hills of at least 100 m above local relief plus adjacent slopes. Notes ›
13. Project Great Indian Bustard added three more chicks to its conservation breeding programme. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. India is replacing fragmented port security arrangements with one statutory structure, the Bureau of Port Security (BoPS). Notes ›

Awards & Persons

15. Indian wildlife conservationist Vivek Menon won election as Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission for 2025-2029. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. India and the Netherlands signed an MoU on maritime heritage cooperation. Notes ›
2. A Private Member Bill is introduced by any MP who is not a Minister. Notes ›
3. Good Governance Week 2025 is observed from 19 to 25 December 2025 under the theme 'Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore'. Notes ›
4. FSSAI stated that eggs available in India are safe for human consumption. Notes ›
5. Bhopal became the 26th Indian city with metro services when commercial operations began on 21 December 2025. Notes ›
6. National Mathematics Day is observed in India every year on 22 December. Notes ›

Government Schemes

7. Sujal Gram Samvad is organised by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

8. RBI imposed a monetary penalty of ₹61.95 lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank for regulatory non-compliance. Notes ›
9. SEBI Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey announced a working group to review non-agri commodity derivatives. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. GI-tagged Indi Lime from Vijayapura, Karnataka, was exported to Oman for the first time, 3 MT. Notes ›
11. Economists urged India to restructure its fertiliser subsidy because of fiscal burden, nutrient imbalance and environmental harm. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Tamil Nadu plans a hornbill population survey from late December 2025 till March or April 2026. Notes ›
13. Uttar Pradesh will set up a university for forestry, wildlife, ecology and climate change. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Ponduru Khadi, a handspun, handwoven cotton fabric, received a Geographical Indication tag. Notes ›
2. Sri Sri Ravi Shankar led a meditation session at the United Nations on the second World Meditation Day. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. EPFO: weekends, holidays and job gaps up to 60 days will not break service for EDLI eligibility. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI's Central Board approved risk-based deposit insurance at its Hyderabad meeting. Notes ›
5. IRDAI proposed that insurers may invest up to 20% of controlled funds in infrastructure SPV debt. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. India and Oman signed a CEPA, India's second major West Asia trade pact after the UAE. Notes ›

Science & Technology

7. ISRO was set to launch the US-built BlueBird Block-2 satellite on LVM3-M6 on 24 December 2025. Notes ›
8. At the close of the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine, PM Modi launched TMGL, the Traditional Medicine Global Library. Notes ›
9. Gaganyaan is the first programmed step in building India's human spaceflight capability. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. Armenia released the COP17 logo for the Convention on Biological Diversity featuring the Erivan Anomalous Blue butterfly. Notes ›

Defence & Security

11. The US launched Operation Hawkeye Strike against ISIS targets in Syria. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

12. Shafali Verma, India's opener, was named ICC Women's Player of the Month for November 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Jharkhand won the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2025, their first ever title, beating Haryana by 69 runs in the final. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. ULLAS (Understanding Lifelong Learning for All in Society) began in 2022 under the Ministry of Education. Notes ›
3. Governor Santosh Gangwar gave assent to the Jharkhand Platform Based Gig Workers (Registration and Welfare) Bill, 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. The Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Notes ›

International Affairs

5. The Taliban approved diverting Kunar (Chitral) River water to the Darunta Dam in Nangarhar. Notes ›
6. Brazil passed the 18th BRICS presidency to India for 2026. Notes ›

Science & Technology

7. MeitY announced DHRUV64 on 15 December: indigenous 64-bit, dual-core, 1 GHz microprocessor by C-DAC. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

8. Dehorning cut poaching in African reserves by nearly 75-78%, says a new international study. Notes ›

Defence & Security

9. The second edition of exercise DESERT CYCLONE (2025) is held in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

10. UNESCO released Bhasha Matters: The State of the Education Report for India 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. A 70-foot Lionel Messi statue was unveiled in Lake Town, Kolkata, at the GOAT India Tour 2025 kickoff. Notes ›
2. Ram Sutar died on 18 December 2025 at the age of 100 at his Noida residence. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. SEBI revised mutual fund costs for the ₹80 trillion industry, effective 1 April 2026, introducing the Base Expense Ratio (BER). Notes ›
4. Amazon Pay launched biometric authentication for UPI payments in India. Notes ›

International Affairs

5. India joined other members in adopting the Tianjin Declaration at the 2025 SCO Summit in China. Notes ›
6. Israel announced a gas export deal with Egypt worth about $34.6 billion on 18 December 2025. Notes ›

Science & Technology

7. AFMS rolled out India's first AI-enabled community screening for Diabetic Retinopathy. Notes ›
8. ISRO released RESPOND Basket 2025, calling for research proposals from academic and research institutions across India. Notes ›

Defence & Security

9. President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan on Vijay Diwas 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

10. India topped WADA's doping chart for the third consecutive year in the Testing Figures Report 2024. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

11. Oman conferred the First Class of the Order of Oman on PM Narendra Modi during his official visit. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. FSSAI started collecting samples of a popular egg brand after a viral video alleged nitrofuran traces. Notes ›
2. A Lok Sabha select committee examined the IBC (Amendment) Bill 2025 and will table its report. Notes ›
3. Retired IAS officer Raj Kumar Goyal (1990 batch) is the new Chief Information Commissioner. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. PFRDA's amended regulations let NPS subscribers take loans by marking a lien on the pension account. Notes ›
5. Unclaimed deposits are balances not accessed or claimed by holders for a long period. Notes ›
6. Sebi planned to cut brokerage within TER: cash market 12 bps to 2 bps, derivatives 5 bps to 1 bp. Notes ›

Economy

7. The rupee touched 91.14 per dollar intraday and closed at 90.93, a fresh record low. Notes ›
8. Kotak Mahindra Bank (2001) was asked to cut its promoter stake only from 61% to 49%. Notes ›
9. RBI used a $5 billion currency swap to add liquidity as surplus funds with banks shrank. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. India's first wildlife-safe road was launched on NH-45 in Madhya Pradesh. Notes ›

Defence & Security

11. India signed a pact with France's Safran to jointly make and maintain the HAMMER (AASM) precision-guided weapon. Notes ›
12. Exercise EKUVERIN is a bilateral drill between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Forces. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

13. Homebound made the 15-film shortlist for the International Feature category at the 98th Academy Awards. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Ministry of Culture started empanelling heritage conservation architects for ASI-protected monuments. Notes ›
2. A commemorative postage stamp was released for Emperor Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II, also called Suvaran Maran. Notes ›
3. The Bison Horn Maria dance belongs to the Dandami Maria tribe of Bastar, Chhattisgarh. Notes ›
4. The Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025 is a Private Member's Bill by NCP MP Supriya Sule. Notes ›
5. Punjab declared Amritsar (walled city), Sri Anandpur Sahib and Talwandi Sabo as Holy Cities. Notes ›

Government Schemes

6. The Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill is set to replace MGNREGA, 2005. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

7. The draft bill restricts life insurers from paying dividends, bonuses or debenture servicing except from disclosed surplus. Notes ›
8. Sebi and Amfi are reviewing the NISM Series XIII (Derivatives) exam compulsory for SIF distributors. Notes ›

Economy

9. Unemployment rate fell to 4.7% in November, lowest since April's 5.1%. Notes ›

Science & Technology

10. Biosecurity aims to stop deliberate misuse of biological agents, toxins and technologies. Notes ›

Defence & Security

11. Sai Jadhav, 23, is the first woman officer to graduate from the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Atomic Energy Bill 2025, or SHANTI Bill, is called the largest nuclear sector reform since 1962. Notes ›
2. The Bill creates a single higher education regulator aligned with NEP 2020, replacing UGC, AICTE and NCTE. Notes ›
3. The National Blood Transfusion Bill, 2025 was introduced in Parliament to improve safe blood access. Notes ›
4. Nitin Nabin took charge as BJP National Working President on 15 December 2025 at party headquarters, New Delhi. Notes ›
5. Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty was elected the first woman president of the Press Club of India. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. RRBs completed 50 years; Prathama Gramin Bank, Moradabad (2 October 1975), was the first. Notes ›
7. SEBI was weighing lower equity derivatives margins on non-expiry days to curb expiry-day concentration. Notes ›
8. RBI advised banks to link MSME loans to an external benchmark with a three-month reset clause. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

9. JIVA programme, started 2023 by NABARD, promotes agroecological farming in Marathwada. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. Siliserh Lake (Rajasthan) and Kopra Jalashay (Chhattisgarh) were added to the Ramsar List. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

11. Stanford's 2025 Global AI Vibrancy Index ranks India third globally with a score of 21.59. Notes ›
12. Canada-based Arton Capital released the 2025 Passport Index in December 2025, ranking passports on travel freedom. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The National Transgender Sports Meet will be held on 19-20 December 2025 in Raipur. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Ashwini Vaishnaw told the Rajya Sabha on 12 December 2025 that Odisha will get seven more Gati Shakti Cargo Terminals. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. FEMA, 1999 replaced FERA, 1973 and has been in force since 1 June 2000. Notes ›
4. SEBI notified a governance framework for Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs): exchanges, clearing corporations, depositories. Notes ›

Economy

5. Total forex reserves were $687.26 billion in the week ended 5 December 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

6. CCEA approved a higher MSP for copra for the 2026 market season. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

7. India's resolution on strengthening global wildfire management was adopted at UNEA-7 in Nairobi, Kenya. Notes ›
8. Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad K Sangma inaugurated a soil lake at Williamnagar in East Garo Hills. Notes ›
9. Delhi's AQI crossed 400 (Severe) on 13 December 2025 and reached 441 by 6 pm. Notes ›

Defence & Security

10. The Indian Navy was to commission DSC A20 at Kochi, its first indigenously designed and built Diving Support Craft. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Deepavali was inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. The Textiles Secretary said some Shilp Didi participants earn over ₹5 lakh a year. Notes ›
3. Deputy Chief Minister Eknath Shinde announced new legislation to end the century-old Pagdi system in Maharashtra. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI raised the borrowing threshold for current account restrictions from ₹5 crore to ₹10 crore. Notes ›
5. SEBI requires MIIs to appoint two full-time Executive Directors, one for critical operations, one for regulation, compliance and risk. Notes ›

Economy

6. The rupee fell beyond 90 per US dollar; economists Madan Sabnavis and Ranen Banerjee assessed the slide. Notes ›
7. NABARD's Rural Economic Conditions and Sentiments Survey (RECSS), run bi-monthly since September 2024, released its eighth round. Notes ›
8. Retail inflation fell to 4.31% in January 2025, a five-month low. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. Government released a working paper on Generative AI and copyright, India's first structured framework for AI training. Notes ›
10. The largest-ever planetary-defence simulation was launched by ESA, NASA and the UN-backed IAWN. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

11. TIME named 'The Architects of AI' its Person of the Year for 2025. Notes ›
12. Vinesh Phogat announced on 12 December 2025 that she will return to wrestling, aiming for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. RBI began talks with authorised banks on uniform fee disclosure and removing overlaps in retail forex services. Notes ›
2. PFRDA's circular of 10 December 2025 revised investment norms for private pension funds with immediate effect. Notes ›
3. SEBI is exploring one consolidated statement of an individual's financial assets, with other regulators. Notes ›
4. SEBI removed the need for NRIs to be physically present in India for digital re-KYC of existing clients. Notes ›
5. RBI urged MFIs to look beyond the joint liability group (JLG) model for stability. Notes ›
6. RBI issued a draft circular requiring complete disclosure of all fees and charges on retail forex transactions. Notes ›
7. Banks raised nearly ₹78,000 crore through certificates of deposit in the fortnight to 28 November 2025. Notes ›

Economy

8. MoSPI published the ASUSE 2026 draft questionnaire. Notes ›
9. ADB now sees FY26 growth at 7.2% against 6.5% earlier; FY27 stays 6.5%. Notes ›
10. BMI (Fitch Solutions) expects the RBI repo rate to stay at 5.25% through FY2026-27 after a 25 bps cut. Notes ›

International Affairs

11. Boreendo, a Sindh clay flute tradition, was an early focus at UNESCO's 20th intangible heritage committee session. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. Food systems produce about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Notes ›

Science & Technology

13. On 11 December 2025, Sarbananda Sonowal opened a wholly home-built hydrogen fuel-cell vessel at Namo Ghat, Varanasi. Notes ›
14. ISRO scheduled BlueBird-6, its heaviest American commercial satellite, for 15 December 2025 from Sriharikota. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. CITES completed 50 years; its 20th Conference of the Parties met in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, in 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. On 9 December 2025 in New Delhi, India and Brunei held their first defence cooperation Joint Working Group (JWG). Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

17. India: top 10% take 58% of income, bottom 50% only 15%; top 10% own about 65% of wealth. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

18. The Oxford English Dictionary named 'rage-bait' its Word of the Year 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Amit Shah inaugurated EARTH Summit 2025 at Gandhinagar, unveiling over 13 Sahakar Sarathi digital services. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. RBI issued final bank-group guidelines, revising the October 2024 draft criticised as too restrictive. Notes ›
3. Airpay Payment Services received RBI approval as a cross-border payment aggregator. Notes ›
4. IMF recognised UPI as the largest real-time retail payment system by transaction volume. Notes ›
5. Sebi's new framework sets two categories of merchant bankers: Category 1 needs ₹50 crore net worth, Category 2 needs ₹10 crore. Notes ›
6. PFC and SIDBI withdrew planned bond issues worth a combined ₹11,500 crore. Notes ›

Economy

7. Amazon will invest USD 35 billion in India by 2030, on top of USD 40 billion invested since 2010. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. The 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine is scheduled for 17-19 December 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

9. Tripartite India-Brazil MoU on dairy cattle and buffalo genomics signed in Brasília. Notes ›
10. The Draft Seeds Bill, 2025 would replace the Seeds Act, 1966 and the Seeds (Control) Order, 1983. Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. Aditya-L1 is an ISRO satellite mission to study the Sun's atmosphere, magnetic storms and their effect on Earth. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Tamil Nadu aims to clear Senna spectabilis, an invasive tree, from all forest divisions by March 2026. Notes ›
13. The seventh UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-7) met in Nairobi, with UNEP's Medium-Term Strategy 2026-2030 under negotiation. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. The IAF, French Air and Space Force and UAE Air Force began a trilateral air drill on 10 December 2025. Notes ›
15. The 19th edition of the India-Nepal joint military exercise SURYAKIRAN ended at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Lok Sabha held a special discussion on 150 years of the National Song, Vande Mataram. Notes ›
2. Kashi Tamil Sangamam 4.0 carries the theme Tamil Karkalam. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI proposed weekly rather than fortnightly record updates by credit institutions and credit bureaus. Notes ›
4. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25% in its December 2025 policy. Notes ›
5. IDFC FIRST Bank launched an upgraded FIRST WOW! Credit Card, which is backed by a fixed deposit. Notes ›
6. SEBI launched the Past Risk and Return Verification Agency (PaRRVA) on 8 December 2025. Notes ›
7. SEBI's circular of 8 December 2025 followed AIF Regulations amendments notified on 19 November 2025. Notes ›

Economy

8. The Finance Ministry plans one unified national Customs platform to digitise and integrate Customs processes. Notes ›
9. Demand for work under MGNREGA has declined sharply and steadily, hinting at better rural economic conditions. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. Rabi sowing of wheat, mustard, chana, masoor and maize ran about 10% above last year. Notes ›
11. NITI Aayog expects agriculture to grow 4% in FY 2025-26, compared with 3.5% in the previous year. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Mulugu forest officials plan to start safari services inside Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary in Telangana. Notes ›
13. CAFE norms cap the average CO₂ emissions per kilometre across a carmaker's whole fleet. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. The Defence Minister inaugurated 125 Border Roads Organisation projects, the largest one-day launch in BRO's history. Notes ›
15. NATGRID gets about 45,000 requests a month. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

16. BNHS scientist Parveen Shaikh won the Sanctuary Wildlife Service Award 2025. Notes ›
17. President Droupadi Murmu conferred the National Handicrafts Awards for the years 2023 and 2024. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. MoSPI released the draft Indian Statistical Institute Bill, 2025 on 25 September 2025, proposing to repeal the 1959 Act. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Over 153 million Indians are 60+, rising to 347 million by 2050; 88% of seniors work informally. Notes ›
3. Maharashtra installed 45,911 off-grid solar agricultural pumps in 30 days, recognised by Guinness World Records. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Sebi gave in-principle approval to Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT) as an InvIT. Notes ›

Economy

5. The rupee crossed 90 per dollar, touching an intra-day low of ₹90.29 and closing at ₹90.19. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. China's cumulative trade surplus crossed USD 1 trillion by end-November 2025, a first, reaching USD 1.08 trillion. Notes ›
7. A magnitude 7.6 earthquake (USGS) struck off Aomori Prefecture, Japan, on 8 December 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

8. The government reopened consultations on the long-pending Pesticides Management Bill. Notes ›
9. e-NAM 2.0 faced data migration problems in Rajasthan. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. Semi-arid grasslands, long called wastelands, are now valued for biodiversity, pastoral livelihoods and climate resilience. Notes ›

Defence & Security

11. The Army Service Corps marked its 265th Corps Day on 8 December 2025 in Bengaluru. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

12. R Praggnanandhaa qualified for the Candidates 2026 by winning the FIDE Circuit 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Intergovernmental Committee for Safeguarding ICH has 24 members and was set up under the 2003 ICH Convention. Notes ›
2. Mahaparinirvan Diwas is observed every 6 December, the day Dr B.R. Ambedkar died in 1956. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. The UMEED portal was launched on 6 June 2025 by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI was reviewing Sebi's idea of letting banks deal in non-agricultural commodity derivatives. Notes ›
5. RBI dropped its 2024 draft idea of one entity per business activity within a bank group. Notes ›
6. Public sector banks were told to start groundwork for listing selected Regional Rural Banks in FY27. Notes ›

Economy

7. RBI announced a ₹1 trillion OMO purchase and a $5 billion dollar-rupee swap as the rupee crossed 90 per dollar. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. The 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit reaffirmed the Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership, 25 years since the partnership began in 2000. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. The 11th India International Science Festival runs 6-9 December 2025 at Panchkula, Haryana. Notes ›

Defence & Security

10. The 5th Exercise Harimau Shakti began at Mahajan Field Firing Range, Rajasthan. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. LIC launched two life plans: Protection Plus (Plan 886), a linked savings plan, and Bima Kavach, a pure-risk plan. Notes ›
2. RBI gave Fino Payments Bank in-principle approval to convert into a small finance bank, a first for any payments bank. Notes ›
3. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 bps in December 2025, so bank NIMs may shrink further. Notes ›
4. RBI tightened the Large Exposures Framework (LEF) for foreign banks in India to curb concentration risk. Notes ›
5. The Large Exposures Framework (LEF) limits credit concentration and follows Basel Committee on Banking Supervision standards. Notes ›

Economy

6. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 bps to 5.25%, surprising some who expected a hold. Notes ›

International Affairs

7. India announced a free 30-day e-visa for Russian citizens. Notes ›
8. India and Russia adopted a 2030 Economic Cooperation Programme in December 2025. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. The Department of Posts' 2025 draft amendment proposes DHRUVA, a UPI-like digital addressing system. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. ISRO study: peak stubble burning in Punjab and Haryana shifted from early afternoon to early evening between 2020 and 2024. Notes ›
11. BNHS planned to release six critically endangered vultures in Assam in January 2026. Notes ›
12. World Soil Day is observed every year on 5 December. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. Garuda 25, an India-France air exercise, concluded at Mont-de-Marsan, France. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. NCBC recommended removing 35 mostly Muslim communities from West Bengal's central OBC list, after reviewing 2014 inclusions. Notes ›
2. WHO issued its first-ever global guideline on infertility. Notes ›
3. India debuted at WSAC 2025 in Chinese Taipei and ranked 8th among 29 nations. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. PM-WANI was launched by the Department of Telecom in December 2020 to spread public Wi-Fi, mainly in rural areas. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. Masala bonds are rupee-denominated debt sold overseas by Indian entities; investors carry the exchange-rate risk. Notes ›
6. Large banks offer capital strength and trust but suffer slow decisions and legacy technology. Notes ›
7. Total complaints under RBI's Integrated Ombudsman Scheme in 2024-25 were 13.34 lakh, up 13.5% year on year. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. India was re-elected to the IMO Council, Category B, for 2026-27. Notes ›
9. India was re-elected to the UNESCO Executive Board for the 2025-29 term. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. Cluster-based natural farming has farmers in a defined area, typically 50+ hectares, adopt natural practices together. Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. NITI Aayog's Frontier Tech Hub and IBM released a roadmap for a top-three quantum economy by 2047. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. India will submit next NDCs for 2035 under the Paris Agreement. Notes ›
13. Bioremediation uses bacteria, fungi, algae or plants to degrade or detoxify pollutants. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. INS Aridaman is India's third indigenously built nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), of the Arihant class. Notes ›
15. INS Taragiri is the fourth Project 17A Nilgiri-class stealth frigate received by the Indian Navy. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The fourth Kashi-Tamil Sangamam started in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in December 2025. Notes ›
2. The 26th Hornbill Festival began in Nagaland with a budget of ₹7 crore, run by the state tourism department. Notes ›
3. Lok Sabha cleared the Manipur Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Bill, 2025 on the Winter Session's opening day. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. MoFPI sought proposals for 100 NABL-accredited food labs with ₹500 crore support. Notes ›
5. Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, the flagship health insurance scheme, was widened in October 2024 to cover those aged 70 and above. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

6. SEBI will soon revise its stock exchange master circular to simplify rules and ease doing business. Notes ›
7. BC Sakhis are women banking correspondents drawn from Self-Help Groups under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–NRLM. Notes ›
8. Governor Sanjay Malhotra's RBI unveiled NSFI 2025-30, the five-year National Strategy for Financial Inclusion. Notes ›
9. Panel under ex-CVC Pratyush Sinha urged public asset declarations for officers of Chief General Manager rank and above. Notes ›

Economy

10. Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025 arrives with a companion cess bill. Notes ›
11. India's CAD eased to $12.3 billion, or 1.3% of GDP, in Q2 FY26. Notes ›

Science & Technology

12. DoT ruled that new smartphones sold in India from March 2026 must carry Sanchar Saathi, fully enabled. Notes ›
13. WHO issued its first guideline on GLP-1 therapies for adults with obesity (BMI of 30 or above). Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. Armed forces started emergency procurement of Heron Mk II UAVs, following Operation Sindoor. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. World AIDS Day 2025 theme: 'Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response'. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Saras Food Festival 2025 in Delhi was to be opened by Shivraj Singh Chouhan. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. About 66–67% of corporate bond trading is in AAA paper and 33–34% in AA; BBB and below barely trade. Notes ›

Economy

4. India and the Asian Development Bank concluded three loan agreements totalling more than $800 million. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

5. Puducherry launched Smart Farmer Identification Cards (SFIC) on 27 November 2025 at an SLBC meeting. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

6. A rustic bunting was sighted at Najafgarh Jheel, Delhi NCR, on 1 December 2025, a first confirmed record for the region. Notes ›

Defence & Security

7. Baykar announced on 1 December 2025 that Bayraktar Kizilelma fired the GOKDOGAN air-to-air missile at a high-speed jet-powered target. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

8. The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025 by NITI Aayog assesses the finances of 18 major Indian states. Notes ›
9. India's social protection cover rose from 24.4% (2021) to 48.8% (2024), per the ILO's World Social Protection Report 2024-26. Notes ›
10. India ranks third in the Lowy Institute's Asia Power Index 2025, after the US and China. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

11. Tessy Thomas received the Dr Paulos Mar Gregorios Award 2025. Notes ›