One Liner Current Affairs: February 2025

National Affairs

1. Delimitation redraws parliamentary and assembly boundaries on population changes; southern states fear losing seats. Notes ›
2. Blanket export NOC based on one year of export history replaces order-by-order approvals. Notes ›
3. Bharat Ports Global is a consortium of IPGL, SDCL and IPRCL created to bid for international port projects. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. CBT will decide the PF interest rate for 2025-26; the current rate is 8.25% and Finance Ministry approval follows. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. Banks will stay conservative in lending to NBFCs, per Pankaj Naik of India Ratings. Notes ›

Economy

6. The Centre plans to cut States' share of tax revenue from 41% to 40%. Notes ›
7. IMF advises India to cut the central fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP, with the combined deficit below 6%. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov called five Ukrainian regions an 'inseparable part' of Russia and non-negotiable. Notes ›
9. EC President Ursula von der Leyen said trusted friends are essential in a world of conflicts and competition. Notes ›
10. Trump said the EU was 'formed to screw the United States' and pledged a 25% tariff on all EU imports. Notes ›
11. Tariffs on Canada and Mexico were due from 4 March 2025 at 25%, with 10% on Canadian energy products. Notes ›
12. The proposed gold card costs $5 million and grants green card privileges with a path to US citizenship. Notes ›

Science & Technology

13. Amazon unveiled Ocelot, its first quantum computing chip, developed with Caltech. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Section 9(1) of the DPDP Act, 2023 requires guardian consent to process personal data of persons with disabilities. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. NFSA 2013 promises ₹6,000 per child to pregnant women in the unorganised sector; PMMVY pays only ₹5,000. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI reversed the risk weight increase on commercial bank loans to NBFCs from 1 April 2025. Notes ›

Economy

4. Capex has a larger and longer-lasting growth effect than revenue expenditure, says the RBI study. Notes ›

International Affairs

5. The US and Ukraine drafted an initial economic mechanism to deepen bilateral ties. Notes ›
6. Ursula von der Leyen visited India with 21 EU commissioners, the largest EU delegation to India so far. Notes ›
7. The EU's CBAM carbon tax on imports applies in full from January 1, 2026. Notes ›
8. UK Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds and Investment Minister Poppy Gustafsson visited India. Notes ›
9. Australian PM Anthony Albanese unveiled a roadmap focused on four superhighways: clean energy, education and skills, agribusiness and tourism. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. India advanced its ethanol blending target from 2030 to 2025; the blend was 15% in 2024. Notes ›
11. Project Farm Vibes helps raise crop yield by 40%, cut fertiliser use by 25% and save 50% water. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Coal plant emissions, especially NO₂, cut yields by 5-10% in some Indian states, per satellite-based analysis. Notes ›
13. Project Parali has stopped stubble burning on over 3 lakh hectares in Haryana in three years. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. The Centre plans a four-year roadmap to sell stake in five PSBs to meet SEBI's 25% minimum public shareholding norm. Notes ›
2. From 1 April 2025 RBI reversed the higher risk weights on bank loans to NBFCs. Notes ›
3. RBI clarified risk weights on microfinance loans, reducing capital requirements for banks. Notes ›
4. New India Co-operative Bank was barred from fresh loans over alleged ₹122 crore embezzlement, with withdrawals capped at ₹25,000. Notes ›
5. SEBI proposed that stock derivative position limits be the lower of 15% of free-float market cap or 60 times average daily delivery value. Notes ›
6. Tata Capital's board approved an IPO of 23 crore shares, mixing fresh issue and sale by existing shareholders. Notes ›

Economy

7. The rupee dropped 50 paise (0.57%) to ₹87.21 per US dollar, its biggest fall in over three weeks. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. The 10th round of India-EU FTA talks is set for 10-14 March in Brussels, after a six-month gap. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. AI could add $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030. Notes ›
10. UCEs are stretches of identical DNA over 200 base pairs, unchanged for about 80 million years in mammals. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

11. India recorded 84 internet shutdowns in 2024, slightly fewer than 2023, says SFLC India. Notes ›
12. Employment participation (ages 15-59) rose to 75% for men and 25% for women in 2024. Notes ›
13. The Devolution Index, by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and IIPA, gauges PRI framework, finances, capacity and accountability. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. RBI's draft circular proposes no prepayment or foreclosure penalty on floating-rate loans to individuals for non-business purposes. Notes ›
2. Outstanding certificates of deposit hit a record ₹5.19 trillion on 7 February. Notes ›
3. Small loan limit for UCBs: ₹25 lakh or 0.4% of Tier I capital, up to ₹3 crore per borrower. Notes ›
4. CRED and MobiKwik launched e-rupee wallets with Yes Bank, the first fintech-led expansion in RBI's CBDC pilot. Notes ›

Economy

5. S&P Global Ratings ranked India, South Korea and Thailand highest in risk of US tariff retaliation. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. US and Ukraine neared a deal giving Washington access to Ukrainian resources for continued support. Notes ›
7. Friedrich Merz is on course to be Germany's 10th chancellor since World War II. Notes ›
8. India and the UK formally restarted talks after a year-long pause. Notes ›
9. The Shiller CAPE ratio stands at 40x, surpassed only by 2000 (45x) and above the 1929 peak of 32x. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. Munda families of Jamunagarh village in Similipal Tiger Reserve were displaced in 2015 and 2022, reportedly against their will. Notes ›
11. Intensity targets for nine industrial sectors were due by end-February; carbon credit trading is expected to begin by October 2026. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

12. Myanmar imposed 85 internet shutdowns in 2024, one more than India's 84, which were 28% of the global total. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Information and Broadcasting Ministry is reviewing a new framework to regulate harmful digital content. Notes ›
2. The Centre withheld ₹2,152 crore of Samagra Shiksha funds from Tamil Nadu over the PM Schools for Rising India row. Notes ›
3. The PM's goal of ending TB by 2025 is held back by slow action on AI screening. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI held a $10 billion dollar-rupee swap auction with a three-year tenor to ease long-term liquidity. Notes ›
5. Sebi wants to broaden the definition of qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) to include more accredited investors. Notes ›
6. DICGC insures each depositor up to ₹5 lakh; the government was weighing a rise to ₹15 lakh. Notes ›
7. PSB gross NPAs fell from ₹4.93 trillion (Dec 2023) to ₹4.47 trillion (Dec 2024); private banks edged up to ₹1.39 trillion. Notes ›
8. IRDAI asked insurers to infuse ₹300 crore into the Bima Sugam digital marketplace by the end of February. Notes ›

Economy

9. UP, Gujarat and Odisha budgeted revenue surpluses; Rajasthan and West Bengal showed revenue deficits. Notes ›
10. Gold rose 42% in dollar terms and over 13% in rupees in 2024, topping other financial assets. Notes ›

International Affairs

11. Analysts see Trump's second term as dismantling the post-war governance system and shifting to power politics. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. Budget FY26 announced a Makhana Board to lift production, processing and exports. Notes ›
13. Urea-favouring fertiliser subsidy skews use; the NPK ratio in 2021-22 was 7.7:3.1:1 against an ideal 4:2:1. Notes ›

Science & Technology

14. The UN declared 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Notes ›

Defence & Security

15. Project 75 covers six diesel-electric submarines, with MDL and Germany's TKMS set to negotiate at about ₹70,000 crore. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. DTH authorisation fee to fall from 8% of AGR to 3%, with planned elimination by FY 2026-27. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. The draft project financing framework was issued in May 2023 for uniform prudential rules across banks, NBFCs and financial institutions. Notes ›
3. RBI's bond forward rules for G-secs apply from 2 May 2025. Notes ›
4. RBI scheduled a long-term USD-INR buy/sell swap with a 3-year tenor to inject durable rupee liquidity. Notes ›

Economy

5. India plans more critical mineral auctions under the National Critical Mineral Mission; 24 blocks have been auctioned so far. Notes ›
6. Urban youth unemployment rose in four states and two UTs between the compared quarters, per PLFS data. Notes ›

International Affairs

7. Jaishankar met China's Wang Yi on the G20 sidelines in Johannesburg. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

8. PHDCCI report: rainfall and foodgrain output show only a moderately positive correlation in 2012-13 to 2022-23. Notes ›
9. Urban farming grows food on rooftops, balconies and idle plots, cutting reliance on long supply chains. Notes ›

Defence & Security

10. A brigade commander level flag meeting was held at Chakkan Da Bagh, Poonch, to ease LoC tensions. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Supreme Court stayed a Lokpal order bringing High Court judges within its jurisdiction. Notes ›
2. The I&B Ministry advisory asks OTT platforms to avoid obscene, pornographic or vulgar content. Notes ›
3. The Draft DPDP Rules, 2025 are subordinate legislation operationalising the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. Notes ›

Government Schemes

4. PMIS enters its second pilot phase with over 115,000 internships in 25 sectors in year one. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. RBI's OMO auction drew offers of ₹1.87 lakh crore against a notified ₹40,000 crore, mostly from PSU banks. Notes ›
6. RBI is working on emergency withdrawals for personal and medical needs at New India Co-operative Bank. Notes ›

Economy

7. Aggregate demand has four parts: household consumption, private investment, government spending and net exports. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. India began preparing for a Bilateral Trade Agreement with the US after Modi-Trump talks. Notes ›
9. India targets $500 billion electronics production and $200 billion exports by 2030. Notes ›

Science & Technology

10. Microsoft unveiled the Majorana 1 chip, saying practical quantum computing is 'years, not decades' away. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. President's Rule was imposed on Manipur on 13 February 2025, four days after CM N. Biren Singh resigned. Notes ›
2. CM M.K. Stalin cited a report placing the start of the Iron Age in Tamil Nadu about 5,300 years ago. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. The Soil Health Card Scheme was launched by PM Narendra Modi on 19 February 2015 at Suratgarh, Rajasthan. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. India's GDP growth momentum gathered pace in the second half of FY25, helped by fiscal policy and rural demand. Notes ›
5. Sebi introduced daily disclosure of the Information Ratio for all mutual funds, effective three months after the circular. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. Trump called Zelenskyy a 'dictator without elections' and said Ukraine might cease to exist without a quick deal. Notes ›
7. Trump planned a 25% tariff on imported automobiles, pharmaceuticals and semiconductors from April 2, 2025. Notes ›
8. Trump imposed 25% tariffs on steel and aluminium imports and an extra 10% on Chinese goods. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. JWST observed Sagittarius A*, located about 26,000 light years from Earth, in great detail. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. A Centre for Wildlife Studies analysis found 40-50% mortality in the first phase of cheetah translocation. Notes ›
11. Everest's snow line rose 490 feet between December 11, 2024 and January 28, 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Centre withheld Tamil Nadu's Samagra Shiksha share of ₹2,152 crore for not implementing NEP 2020. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. RBI imposed withdrawal restrictions on New India Cooperative Bank, Mumbai, reviving calls for tighter regulation of cooperative banks. Notes ›
3. The rupee began stabilising after the RBI's 7 February repo rate cut, following sharp falls in December 2024 and January 2025. Notes ›
4. SEBI proposes to bind trading accounts to registered devices through hard-bound SIMs, like UPI. Notes ›
5. SEBI was set up on 12 April 1988 as a non-statutory body and got statutory status through the SEBI Act, 1992. Notes ›

Economy

6. India's average import duty was about 17% in 2023, against 3.3% for the US and 5% for the EU. Notes ›
7. Urban unemployment (age 15+) stood at 6.4% in Oct-Dec 2024, unchanged from the previous quarter and down from 6.5% a year earlier. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. India and Qatar signed an agreement raising bilateral ties to a strategic partnership. Notes ›
9. The US and Russia agreed steps to resolve the Ukraine war and improve diplomatic and economic ties. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. A ₹1,000 crore credit guarantee scheme targets pledge financing against electronic Negotiable Warehouse Receipts (e-NWRs). Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. Saturn's rings consist of billions of ice and rock pieces, from salt-grain to house size. Notes ›
12. A HAL-L&T consortium is building India's first private-made PSLV under ISRO guidance, with launch targeted for Q3 2025. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. India's first BTR will cover GHG inventory, sectoral contributions, energy efficiency gains and the shift to renewables. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Gyanesh Kumar became the first Chief Election Commissioner appointed under the 2023 Act on election commissioner appointments. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. SEBI made public consultation compulsory before amending its regulations. Notes ›
3. 79% of floating-rate loan customers benefit immediately from the repo rate cut. Notes ›
4. RBI let the rupee depreciate from November after two years of an effective peg, while still intervening to curb sharp falls. Notes ›

Economy

5. Manufacturing's share of GVA hovered around 14% in 2023-24, below the early-2000s peak of 18%. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. Punjab accounted for 38% of Indians deported in 2025, followed by Haryana (33%) and Gujarat (22%). Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

7. PM-AASHA was launched in September 2018 as a central sector scheme of the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. Notes ›

Science & Technology

8. A DDoS attack hit Kaveri 2.0, Karnataka's land record and property registration portal, in early February 2025. Notes ›
9. A BMJ study gave leading LLMs the MoCA cognitive test; older versions scored lower, resembling human ageing. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. The Aravali Safari Park is proposed over 3,858 hectares in Gurugram and Nuh, Haryana. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The 73rd Amendment of 1992 gave constitutional status to panchayati raj local self-government. Notes ›
2. Labour migration has dropped, leaving shortages in construction, energy and manufacturing. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. Bharat Broadband connected about 2.14 lakh gram panchayats and laid 6.92 lakh km of optical fibre. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Non-bank fintechs are moving to serve retail CBDC (e₹) users with use cases beyond P2P and P2M payments. Notes ›
5. The 'one state, one RRB' plan is likely to cut the number of RRBs from 42 to 28. Notes ›
6. Burman Group's open offer for Religare Enterprises was challenged by US-based investor Danny Gaekwad. Notes ›
7. RBI restricted New India Co-operative Bank after an alleged fraud of ₹122 crore. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. Mission 500 targets $500 billion in India-US bilateral trade by 2030. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. The AI Mission has ₹10,000 crore earmarked to build sovereign AI capabilities, with pooled compute at roughly $1 per hour. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. A 2025 Chipko-style protest in Pune opposes the ₹4,727 crore Riverfront Development Project. Notes ›
11. Floods in Umrangso, Assam trapped nine miners and killed at least four, reviving attention on illegal rat hole mining. Notes ›
12. Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha saw poaching fall after installing TrailGuard AI early-alert cameras. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. RBI superseded the board of Mumbai's New India Co-operative Bank. Notes ›
2. India's forex reserves reached $638.26 billion in the week ending 7 February, a third straight weekly rise. Notes ›

Economy

3. Nitin Gupta (Retd. IRS), former CBDT Chairman, was appointed Chairperson of NFRA. Notes ›
4. Consumer inflation fell to 4.3% in January, a five-month low, near RBI's 4% target. Notes ›

International Affairs

5. India and the US aim to finish the first phase of a trade deal by fall 2025. Notes ›
6. The US offered India the F-35, a fifth-generation stealth fighter; the IAF needs it but strategic and cost issues cloud the decision. Notes ›
7. MAGAnomics is Donald Trump's economic approach, a mix of protectionism, deficit spending, deregulation and industrial policy, often contradictory. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

8. MoS George Kurian inaugurated the symposium on aquatic animal diseases from February 12 to 15, 2025 at ICAR Convention Centre. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. Axial tilt is the main cause of Earth's seasons; the hemisphere tilted toward the Sun has summer. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. An expert committee set up by the Government of India recommended restarting the Teesta-3 dam in Sikkim. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. President's Rule was imposed in Manipur four days after Chief Minister N. Biren Singh resigned, amid two years of ethnic violence. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. NBFC heads proposed raising the annual ECB limit under the automatic route to $750 million. Notes ›
3. Liquidity deficit has stayed around ₹2 trillion for eight weeks, prompting expectations of bigger RBI OMO buys. Notes ›
4. SEBI wants power to take down misleading messages, links and groups on social media. Notes ›

Economy

5. Nirmala Sitharaman introduced the Income Tax Bill, 2025 in the Lok Sabha and sought a Select Committee review. Notes ›
6. The Survey says geo-economic fragmentation has ended the globalisation boom, pushing India toward domestic-led rather than export-led growth. Notes ›

International Affairs

7. China plans the world's largest hydropower project on the Yarlung Zangbo in Tibet, with three times the Three Gorges Dam's output. Notes ›
8. Trump held a roughly 90-minute talk with Putin about ending the Ukraine war. Notes ›
9. US B1/B2 interview-free renewal window reverts from 48 months to 12 months. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

10. India moved from 7th worst affected in 2019 to 49th in 2022, but ranks 6th over 1993-2022. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. TRAI amended the Telecom Commercial Communications Customer Preference Regulations, 2018 with stricter timelines and penalties. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. RBI removed the business restrictions on Kotak Mahindra Bank ten months after imposing them. Notes ›
3. The Bill is meant to replace the Income Tax Act, 1961, from April 1, 2026, if passed. Notes ›

Economy

4. Retail inflation fell to 4.31% in January 2025, a five-month low. Notes ›
5. NCAER suggested that states set up independent fiscal councils to improve financial governance. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. India and France are jointly implementing IMEC, a corridor improving India-Europe connectivity by sea and land. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

7. Hyderabad Bird Atlas is a three-year project mapping the city's birds. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

8. Retail inflation eased to 4.31%, the lowest in five months. Notes ›
9. The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) of NITI Aayog assesses states' finances through five equally weighted sub-indices. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. N. Biren Singh resigned as Manipur Chief Minister on 9 February 2025. Notes ›
2. ₹2,025.75 crore was paid to 1.15 million Sahara Group depositors by January 28, 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Net inflows into FAR securities were ₹14,430 crore in January 2025 and ₹4,530 crore so far in February. Notes ›
4. Stock manipulation means deliberately moving a share price by deceptive means for personal gain, which is illegal. Notes ›

Economy

5. PSU capital outlay grew under 2% CAGR in 2020-21 to 2024-25, while government capital support rose 21% CAGR. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. On January 20, 2025, Trump froze USAID foreign assistance for 90 days by executive order. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

7. NABARD and Palladium Consulting India held a three-day Export Pathshala workshop for Odisha FPOs. Notes ›
8. Dhan Dhanya Krishi Yojana targets 100 lagging districts. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. Kaveri 2.0, Karnataka's property registration portal, faced a DDoS attack from December 2024 into February 2025. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, was dubbed the 'Climate Finance COP' for talks on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Notes ›
11. India plans to add 500 GW of renewable capacity by 2030; solar capacity rose 32 times in a decade. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. Rosoboronexport and UAC offered India a partnership on the Su-57, Russia's fifth-generation fighter. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

13. State Public Universities make up 80% of India's higher education but lag premier institutions in standards. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Health-related allocation in Union Budget 2025-26 reaches ₹1.19 trillion, up 18% from 2024-25, largely due to pending 15th Finance Commission grants. Notes ›
2. 251 of 543 Lok Sabha MPs (46%) have criminal cases; 170 face serious charges. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Reserve price for pledged gold must be at least 85% of the 30-working-day average closing price of 22 carat gold. Notes ›
4. NDFs are financial contracts to hedge or speculate on currencies that are not freely traded. Notes ›

Economy

5. Budget 2025-26 folds disinvestment into 'miscellaneous capital receipts', with a target of ₹47,000 crore, same as last year. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. On 4 February 2025 Trump proposed moving Gaza's 2.3 million people to Egypt and Jordan and redeveloping the strip as a global tourist hub. Notes ›
7. India weighed more duty cuts on US goods such as pecan nuts before the Modi-Trump meetings. Notes ›
8. India's foreign policy amplifies developing-country voices, for example via the Voice of Global South Summit 2024. Notes ›
9. 3rd Voice of Global South Summit was held on 17 August 2024 with 123 countries; China and Pakistan were absent. Notes ›
10. EFTA members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

11. OIDF money will part-finance the fertilizer subsidy in FY 2025-26, a first for the fund. Notes ›
12. MIS is a flagship component of PM AASHA for perishable farm produce such as tomato, onion and potato (TOP crops). Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. India was likely to miss the 10 February deadline for its third Paris Agreement climate plan submission. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. The UK launched Defence Partnership India (DPI), a dedicated cell in its Ministry of Defence, at Aero India. Notes ›
15. Aero India 2025, the 15th edition, ran from 10 to 14 February 2025 at Yelahanka Air Force Station, Bengaluru. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

16. India Justice Report 2025-26, the fourth edition, was issued by Tata Trust with civil society and data partners. Notes ›
17. HCES 2023-24 found conveyance is the biggest non-food household expense. Notes ›

Government Schemes

1. NMM, set up in 2003, is being made fully autonomous with nearly ₹500 crore over six years. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. Microfinance loan book was ₹384,396 crore in Dec 2024; Karnataka ranks 4th. Notes ›

Economy

3. Hours after the RBI rate cut, Nirmala Sitharaman stressed coordination between fiscal and monetary policy. Notes ›
4. Asset monetisation earns revenue from public assets through private operation without any transfer of ownership. Notes ›
5. Urban development outlay is ₹96,777 crore, up from ₹82,576.57 crore but lower in real terms. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. India accepted France's invitation to co-chair the AI Action Summit in Paris on 10-11 February 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

7. Salam Kisan (PRYM Solutions) signed an MoU with Maharashtra to democratise farm drone technology, with Microsoft as technology partner. Notes ›
8. MoS Anupriya Patel said nano fertilizer production will not be brought under the PLI scheme. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. Antimicrobial resistance was linked to an estimated 1.2 million deaths in 2021; Indian hospital data suggest 13% mortality from resistant infections. Notes ›
10. Budget 2025-26 earmarks ₹20,000 crore for five small modular reactors (SMRs) by 2033. Notes ›
11. DeepSeek is a Chinese AI model seen as rivalling ChatGPT; it is free and open source. Notes ›

Government Schemes

1. PM-KISAN gives land-holding farmer families Rs 6,000 a year in three equal instalments, four months apart. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 basis points, from 6.5% to 6.25%, its first reduction in almost five years. Notes ›
3. RBI postponed the revised LCR guidelines from 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026 at the earliest. Notes ›
4. ECL estimates probable loss when a borrower cannot repay. Notes ›
5. RBI allowed SEBI-registered stock brokers to access the NDS-OM platform for G-Sec trading. Notes ›

Economy

6. A new Income Tax Bill is planned to simplify tax laws and cut litigation. Notes ›

International Affairs

7. A US executive order imposes visa bans and asset freezes on ICC staff and families linked to cases against the US or allies. Notes ›
8. The argument: the global trading system failed deficit countries because true free trade never existed. Notes ›

Science & Technology

9. The International Network of AI Safety Institutes, launched in November 2024, rests on the Seoul Statement of Intent. Notes ›
10. BioE3 policy was approved by the Union Cabinet in August 2024. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

11. Conservationists counted about 1,200 dead Olive Ridley turtles off Tamil Nadu, over three times the annual average. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. TROPEX, the Navy's biennial theatre-level exercise, ran as TROPEX 25 in the Indian Ocean Region. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Supreme Court relaxed its 2021 rule that allowed ad hoc judges only in High Courts with over 20% vacancies. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. Green bonds fund climate- and environment-friendly projects and pay fixed income to investors. Notes ›
3. RBI cut the repo rate by 25 basis points from 6.5% to 6.25%, the first cut since May 2020. Notes ›
4. Net profit of 32 scheduled commercial banks rose 21.2% YoY in Q3 FY25 but fell 2.4% QoQ; excluding SBI, growth was 12%. Notes ›

Economy

5. MCLR, the Marginal Cost of Funds-based Lending Rate, is the minimum rate a bank can charge, with limited exceptions. Notes ›
6. The Budget set a gross fiscal deficit target of 4.4% of GDP for FY26. Notes ›

International Affairs

7. Trump administration halted foreign aid, seen as more retreat from global commitments after leaving WHO and the Paris accord. Notes ›
8. Chabahar, in Iran's Sistan and Baluchistan Province on the Gulf of Oman, is Iran's only oceanic port. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

9. India reached E20 in March 2025, ahead of its 2025-26 target, under the Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme. Notes ›
10. Roots Foundation and Coal India Ltd launched the Harit Samriddhi project under CIL's CSR initiative in Chatra, Jharkhand. Notes ›
11. Sale of rural agricultural land is exempt from capital gains tax, while urban agricultural land is taxable. Notes ›
12. India has over 33,000 registered FPOs, and 66% are under 4 years old. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. The Cabinet Committee on Security cleared two deals worth about Rs 10,200 crore for Pinaka ammunition. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Six state higher-education ministers passed a joint resolution against the draft UGC regulations and grading system. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. NPCI CEO Dilip Asbe urged a strong legal framework and proper penalties for financial cyber fraud. Notes ›
3. The rupee slipped from ₹85 per USD in December 2024 to ₹87 by February 2025 on a stronger dollar. Notes ›
4. NBFCs can pay out cash loans of only up to Rs 20,000. Notes ›
5. The Department of Revenue refused to exempt 18% GST on bank-NBFC co-lending, as recommended by an SBI-led panel. Notes ›
6. The IBC, 2016 is a single law for insolvency and bankruptcy, called India's exit law. Notes ›

Economy

7. The rupee touched a fresh intraday low of 87.49 per US dollar on rate cut expectations. Notes ›
8. The proposed income tax cut is about ₹1 trillion, roughly 0.3% of GDP, aimed at 47 million urban taxpayers. Notes ›

International Affairs

9. Donald Trump announced a plan for the US to take over the Gaza Strip after Palestinians are resettled. Notes ›
10. India is open to a mini trade deal if the US is willing. Notes ›
11. Trump agreed to start work on a new nuclear deal so Iran can 'peacefully grow and prosper'. Notes ›
12. An executive order pulled the US out of the UN Human Rights Council and barred funding for the agency for Palestinian refugees. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. On 18 December 2024 the Supreme Court told Rajasthan to classify all sacred groves as forests and notify them as community reserves. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. I4C is the national coordination body against cybercrime, created by the Home Ministry in 2020. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Uttarakhand Cabinet, chaired by CM Pushkar Singh Dhami, approved the rules for the Uniform Civil Code. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. The government is considering query-based data sharing, not portal access, for private players from the Gati Shakti masterplan. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. PCE lets banks lift the credit rating of bonds issued by some companies, so they can raise market funds cheaper. Notes ›
4. Bank gold loans grew 71.3% year-on-year to ₹1.72 trillion at December FY25, versus 17% a year earlier. Notes ›
5. SEBI issued a framework to make retail algorithmic trading safer and more transparent. Notes ›

Economy

6. Schemes sit under the ₹2,250 crore Export Promotion Mission. Notes ›
7. Budget 2025-26 pegs the fiscal deficit at 4.4% of GDP, continuing the government's credible consolidation path. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. China imposed 15% tariffs on US coal and LNG, and 10% on crude oil, farm machinery, heavy vehicles and pickup trucks. Notes ›
9. A US military C-17 carrying 205 deported Indian nationals landed in Amritsar. Notes ›
10. Trump's approach reverses the Monroe Doctrine's spirit of US primacy in the Americas rather than acting as world cop. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

11. Budget raised the Kisan Credit Card loan limit from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh for farmers with a good repayment record. Notes ›
12. Nematodes cause crop losses of about ₹25,000 crore a year, said scientists at a Syngenta India symposium. Notes ›
13. Agriculture engages over 40% of India's population and needs a shift to modern, sustainable practices. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Mission 3000 aims for 3,000 million tonnes of railway cargo by 2030. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. Insurance FDI was called the biggest financial announcement of Budget 2025-26. Notes ›
3. RBI holds roughly ₹1 trillion of sovereign bonds maturing in the coming financial year. Notes ›
4. The MPC met under new RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra after Budget 2025-26, with hopes of monetary easing. Notes ›
5. The government is moving to raise the FDI limit in insurance to 100% to attract global insurers and capital. Notes ›

Economy

6. A platform is an elastic system where many buyers, sellers and service providers interact, encouraging innovation and quick adaptation. Notes ›
7. The Finance Minister announced a revised model Bilateral Investment Treaty to attract more foreign direct investment. Notes ›
8. The rupee closed at a record low beyond ₹87 per US dollar in early February 2025. Notes ›

International Affairs

9. On 20 January 2025 President Trump announced US exit from WHO, citing bias towards China and mishandling of COVID-19. Notes ›
10. Panama will not renew its BRI participation once the present agreement ends in 2026. Notes ›
11. The US imposed 25% tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico and 10% on goods from China. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. MNRE's allocation stood at ₹32,626 crore in 2025 BE, against ₹1,535 crore in 2015 BE. Notes ›
13. The Supreme Court held that Centre and States cannot reduce forest cover without land for compensatory afforestation. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. The HSBC India Manufacturing PMI climbed to 57.7 in January 2025 after 56.4 the month before, a six-month high. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Budget 2025-26 will develop the top 50 tourist destinations in challenge mode with states. Notes ›
2. Union Budget 2025-26 names four growth drivers: Agriculture, MSMEs, Investment and Exports. Notes ›
3. Nuclear Energy Mission with ₹20,000 crore for Small Modular Reactor R&D. Notes ›
4. Budget 2025-26 plans to use 1.5 lakh rural post offices and 2.4 lakh Dak Sevaks to grow rural economic activity. Notes ›

Government Schemes

5. 50,000 new Atal Tinkering Labs will come up in government schools over five years. Notes ›
6. Day care cancer centres will reach all district hospitals in three years; 200 open in 2025-26. Notes ›
7. Union Budget 2025-26 raised the Jal Jeevan Mission outlay to ₹67,000 crore. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

8. Insurance FDI cap rises from 74% to 100% for firms investing entire premium within India. Notes ›
9. Budget 2025-26 proposed a Grameen Credit Score framework so SHG members can access credit individually. Notes ›

Economy

10. Credit guarantee cover for micro and small enterprises rises from ₹5 crore to ₹10 crore, unlocking ₹1.5 lakh crore extra credit in five years. Notes ›
11. BharatTradeNet (BTN) will be a single window for trade documents and financing, adjunct to ULIP. Notes ›
12. The Urban Challenge Fund is worth ₹1 lakh crore, with ₹10,000 crore for 2025-26. Notes ›
13. A ₹25,000 crore Maritime Development Fund was announced, with government contributing up to 49%. Notes ›
14. Infrastructure ministries must prepare 3-year PPP pipelines; states can approach IIPDF for proposals. Notes ›
15. Budget 2025-26 removes seven industrial tariff rates, leaving eight rates including zero; Social Welfare Surcharge is exempted on 82 tariff lines. Notes ›
16. No income tax up to Rs 12 lakh under the new regime; Rs 12.75 lakh for salaried taxpayers after the Rs 75,000 standard deduction. Notes ›
17. The National Manufacturing Mission backs Make in India across small, medium and large industry. Notes ›
18. Budget 2025-26 tried to cut taxes, reduce the fiscal deficit and boost growth together. Notes ›
19. Budget 2025-26 shifts to trust-based compliance instead of rigid, prescriptive regulation. Notes ›
20. A presumptive regime would tax only 25% of remuneration of non-residents working for electronics manufacturers. Notes ›
21. Income-tax collection is targeted to grow 14.4%, above nominal GDP growth of 10.1%. Notes ›

International Affairs

22. The US imposed 25% tariffs on Canada and Mexico and an extra 10% on China. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

23. Budget 2025-26 calls agriculture the first engine of development. Notes ›
24. Budget 2025-26 names agriculture as one of four growth pillars, alongside MSMEs, investment and exports. Notes ›
25. KCC loan limit under the modified interest-subvention scheme rises from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh; about 77 million farmers use KCC. Notes ›

Science & Technology

26. Genomics studies the structure, function and sequence of a genome using DNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Economic Survey 2024-25 urges governments and firms to adopt AI in a balanced way to limit job losses and social fallout. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Maiya Samman Yojana gives monthly money to Jharkhand women aged 18 to 50. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI accepted only ₹1,054 crore of the ₹5,000 crore notified in its 10-year sovereign green bond auction. Notes ›

Economy

4. Budget 2025-26 was presented on 1 February 2025 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Notes ›
5. The Survey projects FY26 real GDP growth of 6.3-6.8%, against an FY25 estimate of 6.4%. Notes ›
6. The Survey favours climate action alongside continued fossil fuel investment to secure energy supply. Notes ›
7. Services' share in GVA climbed from 50.6% in FY14 to about 55% in FY25. Notes ›
8. Economic Survey 2024-25 urges wider acceptance of public-private partnerships to meet unfulfilled infrastructure demand. Notes ›
9. Economic Survey 2024-25 urged a new strategic trade roadmap to restore India's export competitiveness amid rising global protectionism. Notes ›
10. Fiscal deficit is total spending minus total receipts excluding borrowings, quoted as a share of GDP. Notes ›
11. Financialisation means financial markets increasingly steer policy and macroeconomic outcomes; the Survey urges India to avoid its trap. Notes ›
12. The Survey says new labour codes aim to ease compliance and raise flexibility without cutting worker protections. Notes ›
13. PFCE grew 6.7% year-on-year in the first half of FY25, helped by rural demand. Notes ›

International Affairs

14. IMEC is a multimodal network of rail, ship-to-rail and road links joining India, the Gulf and Europe. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

15. The Survey projects 5% annual agriculture growth, with agriculture holding about 20% of GVA. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

16. A study in Science, led by Yadvendradev Jhala, says India's tiger numbers rose 30% over two decades. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

17. Social sector spending rose from 23.3% of total expenditure in FY21 to 26.2% in FY25 (BE), a 15% CAGR. Notes ›