Labour Migration Decline: Causes and Sector Impact
Why in the news
Fewer workers are moving for jobs, and employers in construction, energy and manufacturing are being forced to rethink their manpower plans.
Causes
| Driver | Effect on migration |
|---|---|
| Pandemic attitudes | Workers prefer family, health and security near home; job-hopping after a few months replaced year-long stints |
| Urban costs | Higher living costs and weak job security make cities less attractive |
| Financial support | Programmes such as Ladki Bahin steady rural household finances |
| Food security | One Nation One Ration gives subsidised food anywhere in India |
| Support systems | Migration corridors and the National Migration Support Portal help with jobs, housing and services near home regions |
| Rural infrastructure | Small projects in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar create home-based work with pay close to urban wages |
Impact
- Labour shortages in construction, energy and manufacturing.
- Higher workforce turnover.
- Firms must adopt new hiring and manpower strategies.
Exam angle
- Scheme: One Nation One Ration lets migrants get subsidised food anywhere.
- Portal: National Migration Support Portal.