One Liner Current Affairs: October 2025

National Affairs

1. Former India cricket captain Mohammad Azharuddin was sworn in as a Telangana minister on 31 October 2025 at Raj Bhavan. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Run by the Ministry of Education, PM POSHAN serves a hot cooked meal each school day to roughly 11.8 crore pupils. Notes ›
3. Coal Minister G. Kishan Reddy launched the KOYLA SHAKTI Dashboard and CLAMP. Notes ›
4. India secured three Guinness World Records under Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan, announced on 31 October 2025. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. IRDAI highlighted reforms for FDI inflows, ease of doing business and wider micro-insurance, under the 'Insurance for All by 2047' vision. Notes ›
6. SEBI let advisers and research analysts share verified past performance one-to-one until PaRRVA starts. Notes ›
7. SEBI set diversification norms for non-benchmark index derivatives like BankNifty, Bankex, FinNifty. Notes ›

Economy

8. Rupee internationalisation means wider use of the rupee in global trade, payments, investment and, eventually, reserves. Notes ›

International Affairs

9. India backed Afghanistan's plan for a dam on the Kunar River. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan said a stringent law on substandard seeds and spurious pesticides is coming. Notes ›
11. APEDA helped send the first air shipment of GI-tagged Indi and Puliyankudi limes to the UK. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. India and the US signed a 10-year defence framework in Kuala Lumpur on 31 October 2025. Notes ›
13. India decided not to invite China, Pakistan and Turkiye to the third International Fleet Review (IFR). Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. Developing countries need US$310-365 billion yearly by 2035 for adaptation, while finance in 2023 was only US$26 billion. Notes ›
15. Services' share of employment rose from 26.9% (2011-12) to 29.7% (2023-24), covering about 188 million workers. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Justice Surya Kant was appointed the 53rd Chief Justice of India on 30 October 2025. Notes ›
2. India beat Australia by five wickets in the 2025 Women's World Cup semi-final on 30 October at Navi Mumbai. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. India's 60-plus population is projected to rise from 100 million in 2011 to 230 million by 2036, about 15% of the total. Notes ›
4. The Cabinet cleared NBS rates for Rabi 2025-26 on P&K fertilizers. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. SEBI proposed a mutual fund rule overhaul to lower costs and simplify compliance. Notes ›
6. RBI’s draft circular asks banks to credit inward remittances received in forex market hours on the same business day. Notes ›
7. A Worldline report lists UPI growth drivers: user experience, global adoption and embedded finance. Notes ›

Economy

8. A panel headed by Neeraj Kumar Gupta will review RoDTEP and RoSCTL rates. Notes ›
9. RBI intensified bringing its gold reserves back to domestic storage. Notes ›

Science & Technology

10. The National Blockchain Framework, launched in September 2024 with ₹64.76 crore, offers unified blockchain architecture. Notes ›
11. The Department of Telecommunications will soon launch a Mobile Number Verification (MNV) platform. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. President Droupadi Murmu took a sortie in a Rafale fighter aircraft on 30 October 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

13. NITI Aayog, with CII and Deloitte, released a 10-year roadmap for advanced manufacturing. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Union Cabinet approved the Terms of Reference of the 8th Central Pay Commission. Notes ›
2. Manush Shah and Diya Chitale qualified for the WTT Finals mixed doubles. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. MCX faced a four-hour trading disruption on 28 October 2025, and SEBI asked for details. Notes ›
4. Small Finance Banks are RBI-authorised differentiated banks serving under-banked and unbanked sections. Notes ›
5. SEBI proposed an all-inclusive Total Expense Ratio covering base expenses, brokerage, exchange and regulatory fees and statutory levies. Notes ›
6. The Finance Ministry is preparing a new blueprint to consolidate public sector banks, with timing expected after FY27. Notes ›
7. RBI issued revised nomination directions for deposit accounts, safe deposit lockers and articles in safe custody, effective 1 November 2025. Notes ›

Economy

8. RBI proposed sweeping relaxations in rules for Indian companies raising External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs). Notes ›

International Affairs

9. Modi skipped the ASEAN-India Summit in person for the second year; Jaishankar represented India in Kuala Lumpur. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. The Union Cabinet approved a ₹37,952 crore fertilizer subsidy for Rabi 2025-26, about ₹14,000 crore above last Rabi. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

11. Delhi and IIT Kanpur ran cloud-seeding trials to induce rain and cut pollution. Notes ›
12. UN synthesis found NDCs imply only 17% emission cuts by 2035 from 2019 levels. Notes ›
13. Montha formed on 25 October 2025 in the Bay of Bengal and became a Severe Cyclonic Storm. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. The Climate Inequality Report 2025 by Lucas Chancel and Cornelia Mohren of the World Inequality Lab ties emissions to capital ownership. Notes ›
15. SIDBI's fourth MSME Outlook Survey covered Q2 FY26 using the M-BCI and M-BEI indices; above 50 means optimism. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Amit Shah tied India's top-five shipbuilding goal to the Great Nicobar Project. Notes ›
2. The ECI ordered a Special Intensive Revision of Bihar's electoral rolls before the October 2025 Assembly polls. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. First batch of seven ECMS projects worth ₹5,532 crore expects ₹36,559 crore of production. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. SEBI proposed raising the HVDLE threshold from ₹1,000 crore to ₹5,000 crore. Notes ›
5. The 30th meeting of RBI’s Standing Advisory Committee on MSME credit flow was held in Coimbatore. Notes ›
6. Banks prefer direct assignment of NBFC loans to co-lending despite relaxed norms. Notes ›
7. Gaja Capital got SEBI approval for an IPO and would become India's first private equity firm to go public if it succeeds. Notes ›
8. SEBI proposed letting public debt issuers offer special incentives to select investor groups. Notes ›
9. SEBI proposed new mutual fund folios only after KRA marks KYC compliant. Notes ›
10. VFS Capital withdrew its small finance bank licence application filed under RBI’s on-tap norms. Notes ›
11. Deputy Governor Swaminathan Janakiraman urged wider digital solutions for MSME credit at the 30th SAC meeting. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. The Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses was launched on October 11, 2025 with a ₹11,440 crore outlay for 2025-26 to 2030-31. Notes ›
13. The Centre approved ₹15,095.83 crore procurement of pulses and oilseeds for Kharif Marketing Season 2025-26. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. The 2025 Global MPI report, Overlapping Hardships and Climate Hazards, links poverty with climate exposure. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

15. Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 was announced on 28 October 2025 in four categories. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Lokpal complaints dropped from 2,469 (FY 2022–23) to 233 in 2025; a tender for seven BMW cars drew criticism. Notes ›
2. The government planned to merge RNI, CBC and PIB within the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Notes ›
3. The fifth Janjatiya Gaurav Divas falls on November 15, 2025, closing Birsa Munda's 150th birth anniversary celebrations. Notes ›
4. Indigenous dog breeds Mudhol Hound and Rampur Hound will lead the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas parade on 31 October 2025. Notes ›
5. Actor Satish Shah died in Mumbai after kidney failure. Notes ›
6. Aman Raj won the IGPL Invitational in Jaipur, ending a title drought of 22 months. Notes ›
7. Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project, India's largest hydropower project, has a total capacity of 2,000 MW. Notes ›

Government Schemes

8. The government is preparing Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Mudra Yojana (PMKMY) to link finance with skill training. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

9. DFS and NITI Aayog said they play no part in LIC's investment decisions. Notes ›
10. Paytm launched a service letting NRIs from 12 countries pay through UPI in India. Notes ›

Economy

11. India's forex reserves crossed $700 billion for the first time. Notes ›
12. MCX launched monthly options on Bulldex, its bullion index based on gold and silver futures prices. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. The Government plans a nationwide climate-linked parametric insurance programme for smallholders. Notes ›
14. Shivraj Singh Chouhan inaugurated NSC's Beej Bhawan seed processing plant at Pusa, New Delhi, with a capacity of one ton per hour. Notes ›

Science & Technology

15. ANRF, ICMR and the Gates Foundation launched the Maha MedTech mission. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. Exercise Trishul is a tri-service drill along India's western front, 30 October to 10 November 2025. Notes ›
17. CMS-03 (GSAT-7R) is a military communication satellite due for launch in November 2025 on LVM-3. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

18. IPL Biologicals Ltd won Bronze at the 10th Bernard Blum Awards 2025 for its biocontrol product Bellator. Notes ›

Government Schemes

1. Kerala's General Education Minister V. Sivankutty called the State's decision to join PM SHRI a tactical move against denial of education funds. Notes ›
2. Gyan Bharatam Mission was announced by Nirmala Sitharaman in Union Budget 2025–26 to survey, document, conserve and digitise manuscripts. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI proposed letting banks finance domestic and overseas acquisitions by Indian corporates. Notes ›
4. RBI's draft caps banks' capital market and acquisition exposure at 20% of Tier-1 capital. Notes ›
5. Mutual funds can invest in unlisted shares only as anchor investors. Notes ›
6. RBI's October 24, 2025 draft proposes lower risk weights on NBFC loans to top-quality operational infrastructure. Notes ›
7. RBI exempted the Swamih Investment Fund from its tightened AIF rules. Notes ›
8. SBI and Bank of Baroda will lead a digital payments intelligence platform to catch fraud in real time. Notes ›
9. RBI's draft of 25 October 2025 proposes higher LTV limits for loans against shares and debt mutual funds. Notes ›
10. SEBI permits portfolio managers to transfer PMS business to another manager with its prior approval. Notes ›

Economy

11. Simplified GST registration under GST 2.0 begins November 1, 2025, announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. Notes ›

Science & Technology

12. Airtel and Jio partnered with SpaceX to offer Starlink satellite internet, aimed at rural and remote last-mile connectivity. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. ICGS Ajit and ICGS Aparajit were launched at Goa Shipyard Limited on 24 October 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. IUCN's World Heritage Outlook 4 (2025) downgraded the Western Ghats to the Significant Concern category. Notes ›
15. India's private sector growth slowed to a five-month low in October 2025, per the HSBC Flash India Composite PMI. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. India was re-elected Vice-Chairperson of the Bureau for Asia-Pacific (Group IV) at COP10, Paris. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. SOAR (Skilling for AI Readiness) is an MSDE initiative under the Skill India Mission to build AI literacy among Classes 6-12 students and teachers. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. NBFCs and fintechs are lending more to low-income micro-borrowers, raising regulatory worries about over-indebtedness. Notes ›
4. Bank nomination provisions begin on November 1, 2025, allowing up to four nominees. Notes ›
5. SEBI proposed easing geo-tagging for NRI clients during KYC and re-KYC. Notes ›

Economy

6. G-Secs are debt instruments issued by central or state governments, carrying a sovereign guarantee. Notes ›
7. RBI has raised gold reserves aggressively since 2020, making India the second-largest buyer after China. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. UN Day is observed on 24 October, the anniversary of the UN Charter coming into force in 1945. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

9. At GFF 2025, NABARD revealed the first deal from its AgriSURE Fund, a joint effort with the Agriculture Ministry. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

10. Northeast Frontier Railway deployed an intrusion detection system on elephant corridors. Notes ›
11. NITI Aayog proposed cutting the CRZ limit from 500 m to 200 m, unlocking 2,790 sq km of coast. Notes ›
12. Blackbuck, declared locally extinct in Chhattisgarh in 2017, has recovered in Barnawapara under a 2021-2026 plan. Notes ›
13. India and other Central Asian nations endorsed a six-year transboundary plan under CAMI. Notes ›
14. India's first National Snow Leopard Census recorded 718 individuals in the Himalayas. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

15. Global Finance, New York, named SBI the World's Best Consumer Bank 2025. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Water ATMs by ACIC IIT-ISM Dhanbad purify coal mine water for drinking at nominal cost. Notes ›
2. The Ministry of Labour and Employment released the draft national labour policy Shram Shakti Niti. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. The ₹1,500 crore recycling incentive scheme will draw feedstock from formal collection under EPR rules. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI's State of the Economy report said WACR aligned better with the repo rate between 16 September and 16 October. Notes ›
5. Regulation 24(b) of the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations, 1996 restricts business activities of AMCs. Notes ›
6. From October 1, 2025, the RBI removed the three-year lock-in on revising the spread of floating-rate home loans. Notes ›
7. Nomination provisions of the Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2025 take effect on November 1, 2025. Notes ›
8. RBI's draft requires a Unique Transaction Identifier on all OTC derivative transactions from 1 April next financial year. Notes ›
9. SEBI barred First Overseas Capital Ltd from new mandates for two years and fined it ₹20 lakh. Notes ›

Science & Technology

10. MeitY released a draft change to the IT Rules, 2021 that govern intermediaries and digital media ethics. Notes ›
11. Google Quantum AI announced on 23 October 2025 that its Willow chip achieved a verifiable quantum advantage. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Punjab recorded 415 farm fire cases between 15 September and 21 October 2025, according to the Punjab Pollution Control Board. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. The Defence Acquisition Council, chaired by Rajnath Singh, cleared proposals worth about Rs 79,000 crore on 23 October 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. FAO’s GFRA 2025 ranks India 9th in forest area and 3rd in annual forest gain. Notes ›
15. India got $137.7 billion in remittances in 2024, the highest globally and over double Mexico's $67.6 billion. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Gujaratis worldwide celebrated their New Year, called Bestu Varsh. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Civil Aviation Secretary Samir Kumar Sinha said UDAN will run beyond 2027 with 120 new destinations. Notes ›
3. Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) is a component of PMKSY that promotes micro-irrigation through drip and sprinkler systems. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI proposed shifting banks from incurred-loss to forward-looking Expected Credit Loss (ECL) provisioning. Notes ›
5. PFRDA issued a consultation paper on valuing and disclosing pension wealth accumulations. Notes ›
6. An RBI Bulletin study flagged volatility and overvaluation signs in SME IPOs listed in FY24 and FY25. Notes ›
7. RBI's rate-cut cycle is easing bank funding costs and lifting profitability and NIMs. Notes ›
8. SEBI impounded over ₹173 crore of unlawful gains in an IEX insider trading case linked to a CERC official. Notes ›
9. PFRDA proposed dual valuation of securities in NPS and APY portfolios. Notes ›
10. RBI launched the offline digital rupee (e₹), a CBDC, at Global Fintech Fest 2025. Notes ›

Economy

11. RBI reported a 159% decline in net FDI in August 2025: more money left India than arrived. Notes ›
12. Since 1 October 2024, buyback proceeds are taxed as dividend income for shareholders under Finance Act, 2024 changes. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. Retail food inflation was negative for four straight months to September 2025, after averaging 8.5% from July 2023 to December 2024. Notes ›
14. The Centre launched the ₹600 crore Kapas Kranti Mission to raise cotton productivity. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. NITI Aayog's draft roadmap proposes a Low Carbon Development Commission (LCDC) and a National Green Financing Institute (NGFI). Notes ›
16. India ranks 9th in total forest area in FAO's GFRA 2025, up from 10th. Notes ›
17. Three Kani tribal women of a Vanasamrakshana Samiti in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, saved an electrocuted baby macaque. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

18. UNFPA’s State of World Population 2025 puts India’s Total Fertility Rate at 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1. Notes ›
19. Since 1995, over 91 million more girls attend primary and 136 million more attend secondary school. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Racing trainer S. Padmanabhan, popularly known as Paddy, passed away in Bengaluru. Notes ›
2. FSSAI prohibited the term 'ORS' on food labels and advertisements, alone or with prefixes or suffixes. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. RBI is considering letting commercial banks set up subsidiaries without its prior approval. Notes ›
4. SEBI proposed amending LODR Regulations, 2015 for pre-April 2019 securities. Notes ›
5. IEPFA, under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, plans Integrated Portal 2.0 for unclaimed shares and dividends. Notes ›

Economy

6. RBI's report credited robust domestic demand, controlled inflation and a healthy banking system for India's resilience. Notes ›
7. RBI is working on direct rupee reference rates against the UAE dirham and Indonesian rupiah. Notes ›
8. CBIC extended the GSTR-3B filing deadline for certain taxpayers in view of Deepavali. Notes ›

International Affairs

9. The ASEAN Summit (26-28 October 2025, Kuala Lumpur) tests India's balance between Quad and BRICS. Notes ›
10. Sanae Takaichi was elected Prime Minister of Japan on 21 October 2025, the first woman in the role. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

11. India is promoting climate-resilient farming through agroforestry, organic inputs and water management. Notes ›

Science & Technology

12. ISRO said CHACE-2 on the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter made the first direct observation of a solar CME hitting the Moon. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. CAQM invoked Stage II of GRAP after Delhi-NCR's AQI exceeded 300, the very poor category. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. The PM celebrated Diwali aboard INS Vikrant, India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

15. UNDP and OPHI released Global MPI 2025, 'Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards'. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Max Verstappen won the 2025 United States Grand Prix on 19 October 2025 at the Circuit of the Americas, Austin. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. NITI Aayog's Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) and DP World launched the We Rise programme. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. LIC launched Jan Suraksha (880) and Bima Lakshmi (881), its first plans after the GST regime. Notes ›
4. Getepay, a payment aggregator, partnered with ESAF Small Finance Bank to deploy the VEGA payment switch. Notes ›
5. Lxme launched LxmePay, described as India's first UPI designed exclusively for women. Notes ›
6. Bajaj Finserv AMC launched 'Pay with Mutual Fund', letting investors make daily UPI payments from their fund holdings. Notes ›
7. RBI's Application Tracking System lets the public file and follow applications online. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty visited New Delhi for two days and voiced interest in an Indian industrial zone. Notes ›
9. Rodrigo Paz (Christian Democratic Party) won the 19 October 2025 presidential runoff against Jorge Quiroga of the Libre alliance. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. The tie-up targets about 1 lakh small and marginal farmers in Jharkhand over four years. Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. UIDAI launched SITAA, the Scheme for Innovation and Technology Association with Aadhaar. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

12. COP30 of the UNFCCC is due in November 2025 in Belém, Brazil, branded the 'COP of Action'. Notes ›
13. SAIEE 2021–25 estimates India’s elephants at 22,446. Notes ›

Defence & Security

14. Tejas Mk1A is an upgraded LCA developed by HAL and ADA. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

15. UNEP's State of Finance for Forests 2025 says global forest investment must triple by 2030 to meet climate and biodiversity goals. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. The Commonwealth Sport Executive Board recommended Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to host the 2030 Centenary Commonwealth Games. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. AD banks can now lend in rupees to persons or banks in Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Notes ›
3. Groww launched commodities trading for customers with active trading accounts. Notes ›
4. LIC launched Jan Suraksha and Bima Lakshmi on 15 October 2025, its first products under the next-gen GST regime. Notes ›

Economy

5. EPFO allows premature withdrawal of up to 75% of PF, with 25% retained. Notes ›

International Affairs

6. Colonel Michael Randrianirina was inaugurated as Madagascar's interim president on 17 October 2025. Notes ›
7. The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty is observed every year on 17 October. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

8. The Centre plans a technology-driven monitoring and evaluation system for farmer schemes. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

9. IUCN's World Heritage Outlook 4 (2025) rated Western Ghats, Manas and Sundarbans 'Significant Concern'. Notes ›
10. FAO granted Global Technical Recognition to the SAIME model from the Sundarbans. Notes ›
11. The Supreme Court relaxed its comprehensive firework prohibition and permitted approved green crackers in Delhi-NCR for Deepavali 2025. Notes ›

Defence & Security

12. Russia proposed to jointly manufacture Su-57 fifth-generation fighter jets in India. Notes ›
13. DRDO tested the indigenous Military Combat Parachute System (MCPS) from 32,000 feet on 17 October 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. Deforestation hit 8.1 million hectares in 2024; the world is 63% off-track for the 2030 zero-deforestation goal. Notes ›
15. GIFT City rose from 46th to 43rd in the 38th Global Financial Centres Index. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Veteran actor Pankaj Dheer died in Mumbai at the age of 68. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. PM GatiShakti Public opens the infrastructure master plan to outsiders through the Unified Geospatial Interface. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. SEBI moved the angel funds' PPM disclosure deadline to 31 January 2026. Notes ›
4. Bitcoin gained nearly 90% in a year; gold rose 55% to a record $4,000 per ounce. Notes ›
5. SEBI barred eight people and impounded ₹173.14 crore of alleged gains in an IEX insider trading case. Notes ›
6. Ageas Federal Life and CSB Bank partnered to sell life insurance to SMEs and entrepreneurs. Notes ›
7. Universal Sompo General Insurance partnered with Andhra Pradesh Grameena Bank (APGB). Notes ›
8. Paytm's parent approved moving its offline merchant payments business to subsidiary PPSL. Notes ›

Economy

9. The rupee rebounded sharply after the RBI intervened in onshore and offshore forex markets following weeks of weakness. Notes ›
10. India's trade deficit widened by 93% in September 2025, almost doubling over the earlier level. Notes ›

International Affairs

11. India was elected unopposed to the UNHRC for 2026-2028. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. The third Krishi Mangal edition, from Cisco India CSR with Social Alpha, backs farmer-centric, climate-resilient innovations. Notes ›
13. FM Nirmala Sitharaman opened an agro-processing training and common facility centre at Methagal, Koppal, on 16 October 2025. Notes ›

Science & Technology

14. ISRO showcased the Crew Escape System (CES) for the Gaganyaan human spaceflight programme. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. IUCN elected Vivek Menon of Wildlife Trust of India as Chair of its Species Survival Commission. Notes ›

Defence & Security

16. India held its first naval exercise with South Korea at Busan Naval Harbour. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

17. India Justice Report 2025: only 15.5 lakh people used free legal aid in FY 2023-24 despite over 80% eligibility. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. India lost 2-1 to Singapore at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Employees Enrolment Scheme 2025 runs from 1 November 2025 to 30 April 2026. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Posts Department and Labour Ministry separately asked RBI to oversee POSB and EPFO. Notes ›
4. Central Board of Trustees approved EPFO proposals simplifying partial PF withdrawals. Notes ›
5. NTT Data signed an MoU with NPCI International Payments Ltd (NIPL) to enable UPI acceptance in Japan. Notes ›
6. SEBI relaxed Minimum Public Shareholding (MPS) rules for large companies at listing. Notes ›
7. FDI in private banks is capped at 74%. Notes ›
8. Muse Wearables, an IIT-Madras incubated startup, and NPCI launched India's first device-based wearables payment ecosystem. Notes ›
9. Curie Money and ICICI Prudential AMC enable instant UPI redemption of liquid funds. Notes ›
10. NABARD plans a digital solution platform for rural cooperative banks. Notes ›

Economy

11. IMF raised India's FY26 growth forecast to 6.6% from 6.4%. Notes ›

International Affairs

12. PM Modi and President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa of Mongolia signed 10 MoUs and released stamps marking 70 years of ties. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. IFBA launched a World Food Day awareness drive with NIFTEM-Kundli and IHM Delhi. Notes ›
14. Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurated farmer training and agro-processing centres in Kalyana Karnataka. Notes ›

Defence & Security

15. India hosted the first Conclave of Chiefs of UN Troop Contributing Countries in New Delhi, 14-16 October 2025. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

16. LEAPS 2025 was launched by the Commerce and Industry Minister at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. Notes ›

Government Schemes

1. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana aims for 1 crore rooftop solar connections in households by FY2027. Notes ›
2. The Civil Aviation Ministry launched a pilot fixed-fare scheme, 'Fare Se Fursat', for Alliance Air. Notes ›
3. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal launched the PM GatiShakti Public Interface via the Unified Geospatial Interface. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. SEBI told mutual fund trustees to keep investor fees and expenses fair, justified and transparent. Notes ›
5. RBI is building the Digital Payments Intelligence Platform (DPIP) to spot payment fraud in real time using AI. Notes ›
6. Emirates NBD is in talks to buy about 51% of RBL Bank for over $1 billion. Notes ›
7. On 1 October 2025 RBI allowed banks and their overseas branches to lend in INR to residents of Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Notes ›
8. UPI payments can now be approved by fingerprint or face scan. Notes ›
9. Outstanding SGB debt hit a record ₹1.5 lakh crore after gold rose over 35%. Notes ›
10. Axis Bank disclosed a Letter of Caution from the RBI's High-Level Committee for KYC lapses in an account opened in 2009. Notes ›
11. Jio Financial Services announced that its subsidiary Jio Payments Bank Ltd (JPBL) won a tolling contract. Notes ›

Economy

12. Retail inflation fell to 1.54% in September 2025, the lowest in over eight years. Notes ›

Science & Technology

13. GalaxEye announced Mission Drishti, billed as the world's first multi-sensor Earth observation satellite, for launch in Q1 2026. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

14. IUCN's World Heritage Outlook rates UNESCO natural and mixed sites every 3-5 years. Notes ›
15. Armenia is now the newest State Member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

16. India registered 2.52 crore births in 2023, down from 2.54 crore in 2022; the registration level was 98.4%. Notes ›
17. NITI Aayog released a strategy report on India's deep-sea and offshore fisheries. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

18. Dr. Sonali Ghosh of Kaziranga won the IUCN WCPA Kenton Miller Award 2025. Notes ›
19. The 2025 Economics prize went to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. TNSDA found Iron Age evidence at Thirumalapuram in Tenkasi district, nearer the Western Ghats than known sites. Notes ›
2. India's men's team lost 0-3 to Hong Kong (China) in the Asian table tennis championships quarterfinals. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Banks asked RBI to exempt transactions below ₹100 from SMS alerts. Notes ›
4. Fourteen foreign bank CEOs met RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra in a first formal meeting. Notes ›
5. IRDAI ordered insurers, reinsurers and distributors to build fraud risk frameworks from April 1, 2026. Notes ›
6. Fully licensed payment aggregators can start a new PA category by notifying RBI 30 days in advance. Notes ›
7. RBI proposed cutting the risk weight on credit card dues of transactors to 75%, while revolvers stay at 125%. Notes ›
8. HDFC Bank launched 'My Business QR' at Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Notes ›
9. RBI superseded the Board of Directors of Irinjalakuda Town Co-operative Bank Ltd. for 12 months. Notes ›

Economy

10. An internal government committee is reviewing the Black Money Act, 2015 (BMA), India's strict law on hidden overseas wealth. Notes ›
11. EPFO is weighing separate benchmarks for EPF, EPS and EDLI after RBI's advice. Notes ›
12. AP (DIR Series) Circular No. 12 (1 October 2025) lets AD banks close EDPMS/IDPMS entries for bills up to ₹10 lakh. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. Himachal Pradesh’s PK3Y, begun in 2018, promotes chemical-free farming. Notes ›
14. ICAR-CMFRI targets 2.5 million tonnes of mariculture by 2047, up from about 1.5 lakh tonnes. Notes ›
15. ICAR approved 28 new wheat and barley varieties for the CSN&RV Central Sub-Committee. Notes ›

Science & Technology

16. Gurugram is the first city in India to launch a QR code-based kiosk for traffic challan payment. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

17. IUCN assessed the Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) separately from the gray wolf complex for the first time. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

18. GBD 2023, published in The Lancet, says NCDs cause nearly two-thirds of global deaths and illness. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. PM Modi announced a Demographic Mission in his Independence Day 2025 speech. Notes ›
2. The RTI Act, 2005 came fully into force on 12 October 2005 and marks 20 years in 2025. Notes ›

Government Schemes

3. SPARK-4.0 (2025-26) is the fourth edition of CCRAS's programme for BAMS students. Notes ›
4. PM Modi launched PMDDKY on 12 October 2025 for 100 low-performing districts. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. RBI will merge instructions issued up to October 9, 2025 into 238 master circulars. Notes ›
6. IRDAI issued the Insurance Fraud Monitoring Framework Guidelines, 2025. Notes ›
7. NPCI and PayPal will link UPI with PayPal World, a global interoperable payments platform. Notes ›
8. RBI's official numbers are 99990 41935, already active, and 99309 91935, being added. Notes ›

Economy

9. RBI advised the Centre to reform EPFO's investing, accounting and governance at the Labour Ministry's request. Notes ›

International Affairs

10. India upgraded its technical mission in Kabul to a full-fledged Embassy. Notes ›
11. Cameroon held its presidential election on 12 October 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. PM launched two farm schemes at IARI, New Delhi, on 11 October 2025, totalling ₹35,440 crore. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. Exercise KONKAN 25 began on 5 October 2025 off India's western coast. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. Sa-Dhan's 2025 Bharat Microfinance Report showed 30+ day overdue loans at 6.2% in FY25, up from 2.1%. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

15. Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado won the Nobel Peace Prize. Notes ›

Government Schemes

1. Union Health Minister JP Nadda launched the Tele MANAS App for the National Tele Mental Health Programme. Notes ›
2. Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025 is a nationwide innovation initiative run by the Ministry of Education with Atal Innovation Mission (NITI Aayog). Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. Razorpay, NPCI and OpenAI launched Agentic Payments, enabling UPI-powered shopping inside ChatGPT. Notes ›
4. SEBI is reviewing the Stock Lending and Borrowing Mechanism (SLBM) to raise participation. Notes ›
5. The ₹20 lakh limit on bank loans against listed corporate debt securities is gone; there is no ceiling now. Notes ›
6. HSBC India unveiled the HSBC Innovation Banking platform in Mumbai on 9 October 2025. Notes ›
7. NPCI announced NPCI Tech Solutions Limited (NTSL) as its fourth subsidiary at Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai. Notes ›

International Affairs

8. The 8th ISA Assembly ran October 27-30, 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. Notes ›
9. Prime Minister Narendra Modi described India as a fintech hub for the Global South. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

10. Nine new commodities were added to e-NAM, taking the total to 247. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

11. The assessment will evaluate extinction risk for nearly 11,000 species by 2030. Notes ›
12. IUCN's first Green Status assessment rated the gharial Critically Depleted. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. The US added Pakistan to a modified Raytheon contract for AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. PM Modi launched the final phase of Mumbai Metro 3, the city's first fully underground metro. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. Draft Shram Shakti Niti 2025 was released for consultation on 8 October 2025. Notes ›
3. MNRE plans to promote PM-KUSUM to African and island nations through the ISA. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI announced the Unified Markets Interface at Global Fintech Fest 2025. Notes ›
5. PFRDA plans wider pension cover for farmers, self-help groups and gig workers. Notes ›
6. RBI launched four UPI initiatives at the Global Fintech Festival 2025. Notes ›
7. NPCI launched Credit Line on UPI (Clou) in 2023, giving pre-approved credit in UPI apps. Notes ›
8. Governor Sanjay Malhotra urged fintechs to build inclusive products for seniors, low digital-literacy users and the specially-abled. Notes ›
9. RBI proposed lower risk weights on several loan types, tied to borrower risk profiles. Notes ›
10. AI-based UPI HELP supports payments, mandates and disputes. Notes ›
11. Aditya Birla Capital launched SimpliFi, an AI personal finance assistant, on its ABCD platform. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

12. KisanKraft's DDSR campaign began 10 October 2025 at Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, and runs to December across 10 states. Notes ›
13. A three-day inception workshop on low-emission rice systems began at College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara. Notes ›

Science & Technology

14. Gnani.ai unveiled a self-cloned Digital Human at Global Fintech Fest 2025. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

15. NITI Aayog's roadmap proposes AI-led inclusion, skilling and social security for India's informal workers, about 490 million people. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. PM Narendra Modi inaugurated Navi Mumbai International Airport on 8 October 2025; its IATA code is NMI. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. PPC 2025-26 was launched on 2 October 2025 under the theme 'Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas'. Notes ›
3. PM-SETU is a centrally sponsored scheme to modernise 1,000 government ITIs, with a ₹60,000 crore outlay for 2025-2028. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. RBI said it will not rush a nationwide retail CBDC launch; remarks by Deputy Governor Rabi Sankar. Notes ›
5. RBI's 7 October 2025 draft frameworks include Expected Credit Loss provisioning, proposed from 1 April 2027. Notes ›
6. Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar said the e-rupee will prioritise new use cases over fast user growth; it has about 7 million users. Notes ›
7. SEBI told the Bombay High Court it will review disqualification of managers merely on a chargesheet. Notes ›
8. RBI's draft Ombudsman Scheme 2025 removes any cap on dispute value. Notes ›
9. PhonePe and Utkarsh Small Finance Bank jointly launched the Wish Credit Card. Notes ›
10. PayPal CEO Alex Chriss announced PayPal World at Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai. Notes ›
11. Fino Payments Bank settled a securities law case with SEBI by paying ₹5.8 lakh. Notes ›

Science & Technology

12. Nitin Gadkari inaugurated India's first commercial electric truck battery swapping and charging station. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. DRDO launched IRSA Standard 1.0, a software architecture standard for military software defined radios. Notes ›
14. Air Force Day is observed every year on 8 October. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

15. World Bank (South Asia Development Update, October 2025) lifted India’s FY26 growth forecast to 6.5% from 6.3%. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Valmiki Jayanti marks the birth anniversary of Maharishi Valmiki and was observed across the country. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

2. S&P Global data: private banks lagged state-run banks in market cap during July-September 2025. Notes ›
3. SEBI introduced @valid UPI handles and the SEBI Check tool to curb payment fraud in securities markets. Notes ›
4. India's Business Correspondent network, with 2.5 million agents, is to be revamped using an NIBM impact assessment study. Notes ›
5. On 1 October, RBI proposed letting banks finance corporate acquisitions, earlier barred. Notes ›
6. SEBI has started discussing regulation of family offices. Notes ›
7. Nirmala Sitharaman inaugurated the foreign currency settlement system at GIFT City IFSC during Global Fintech Fest 2025. Notes ›
8. Zoho Payments, fintech arm of Chennai-based Zoho, planned physical POS devices and sound boxes. Notes ›
9. RBI fined American Express Banking Corp ₹31.80 lakh for not promptly reversing credit balances from refunds or failed transactions. Notes ›
10. Bandhan Bank partnered with Bharat Connect, the platform run by NPCI Bharat BillPay Ltd. (NBBL). Notes ›

Science & Technology

11. PM Modi was to open IMC 2025, themed 'Innovate to Transform'. Notes ›
12. JWST detected phosphine in the atmosphere of Wolf 1130C, a brown dwarf in the constellation Cygnus. Notes ›

Defence & Security

13. INS Androth is the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) of the Indian Navy. Notes ›

Reports & Indexes

14. Crimes against children rose 25% in 2023 over the 2018-2022 average, per NCRB. Notes ›

Awards & Persons

15. The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to Brunkow, Ramsdell and Sakaguchi. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. CII experts urged a Unified National Employment Framework to align skilling, industrial and labour policy and reduce job-skill mismatches. Notes ›
2. Arunachal Pradesh began its first commercial coal mining at Namchik-Namphuk, Changlang district. Notes ›
3. India ended the World Para Athletics Championships with 22 medals, its most successful campaign there. Notes ›
4. Simran Sharma and Preethi Pal won silver on the final day of the World Para Athletics Championships. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

5. The RBI's FREE (Financial Regulation and Ethics in AI) Committee report guides AI use in banking. Notes ›
6. On DARPG's CPGRAMS ranking, DFS banking division stood 14th, insurance 12th, and pension reforms division first. Notes ›
7. RBI's digital payment directions, effective April 2026, bring a risk-based authentication (RBA) framework. Notes ›
8. RBI's draft ECB policy would let any FDI-eligible real estate project raise ECBs. Notes ›
9. UPI went live at Lulu Group stores in Qatar, launched by Piyush Goyal. Notes ›

Economy

10. The Corporate Affairs Ministry and IBBI are studying a pre-insolvency early warning system. Notes ›
11. UPI has become India's most widely adopted digital payments platform. Notes ›
12. Employment in India reached 64 crore 33 lakh in 2023-24. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. Landslides in Darjeeling and Kalimpong killed at least 14 people and hit the Dudhia Bridge and Teesta Bazaar link road. Notes ›
14. India planned to unveil a National Red List of Endangered Species, its first, at the 2025 IUCN Congress. Notes ›

Defence & Security

15. KONKAN-2025 began on 5 October 2025 off India's western coast. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

1. The RBI issued a draft circular updating guidelines on Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) accounts, which include PMJDY accounts. Notes ›
2. RBI told 15 Upper Layer NBFCs, including Tata Sons, to list by 30 September 2025. Notes ›
3. RBI's draft ECB framework allows borrowing up to the higher of $1 billion or 300% of net worth. Notes ›
4. Multi-asset allocation funds (MAAFs) are hybrid mutual funds holding at least three asset classes. Notes ›
5. Fintech firm Kiwi launched India's first interest-backed EMI option on UPI payments. Notes ›
6. RBI's draft circular widens related-party lending rules for commercial banks and NBFCs, effective 1 April 2026. Notes ›
7. RBI recognised the Finance Industry Development Council (FIDC) as the SRO for NBFCs. Notes ›
8. India Ratings downgraded the bank loan facilities of WAPCOS from A to BBB. Notes ›

Economy

9. ECBs are foreign loans raised by Indian companies, governed by RBI under FEMA, 1999. Notes ›
10. NITI Aayog proposed an optional presumptive tax regime for permanent establishments of foreign firms. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

11. The Centre fixed wheat MSP for 2025-26 at Rs 2,585 per quintal. Notes ›
12. The Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) launched the Kapas Kisan App. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

13. IMD confirmed Cyclone Shakthi in the northeast Arabian Sea, about 340 km west of Dwarka. Notes ›
14. Himachal Pradesh counted 83 snow leopards in 2025, against 51 in 2021. Notes ›
15. The India Meteorological Department said the season's first cyclonic storm over the Arabian Sea had become Cyclone Shakti. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. Dharambir Nain won silver in the F51 club throw at the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships. Notes ›

Government Schemes

2. BBBP was launched on 22 January 2015 at Panipat, Haryana. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

3. The MPC held the repo rate at 5.50% with a neutral stance, its second consecutive pause after 100 bps of cuts in 2025. Notes ›
4. The 57th MPC kept repo at 5.50% with a neutral stance, its second straight pause. Notes ›
5. RBI withdrew its 2016 circular on system-wide credit caps for a single large corporate or group. Notes ›
6. RBI proposed lower risk weights on NBFC loans to operational, high-quality infrastructure projects. Notes ›
7. RBI will issue a discussion paper on licensing new Urban Cooperative Banks, a policy shift after nearly 20 years. Notes ›
8. RBI rolled out its broadest bank-lending reforms to reverse disintermediation and deepen capital markets. Notes ›
9. SEBI cleared Nuvama Wealth Management, earlier an Edelweiss Securities arm, to sponsor a mutual fund. Notes ›
10. Finfluencers are social media creators advising on stocks, funds, crypto, insurance and personal finance. Notes ›

International Affairs

11. Henri of Luxembourg abdicated on 3 October 2025, ending a 25-year reign that began on 7 October 2000. Notes ›
12. Dame Sarah Mullally was named Archbishop of Canterbury on 3 October 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

13. Cabinet cleared the ₹11,440 crore National Pulses Mission for 2025–26 to 2030–31. Notes ›
14. Crop insurance premiums fell about 34% in FY26 on reforms, aggressive pricing and state re-tendering. Notes ›

Science & Technology

15. SARAL is an AI-powered platform from ANRF for simplifying research papers. Notes ›

National Affairs

1. FLFPR fell from 31.2% (2011-12) to 23.3% (2017-18), then reached 41.7% in 2023-24, led by rural women. Notes ›
2. Sumit won his third consecutive F64 javelin title at the World Para Athletics. Notes ›
3. UPSC completed 100 years on 1 October 2025; it began as the Public Service Commission on 1 October 1926. Notes ›

Banking & Finance

4. Foreign investors sold a net ₹23,885 crore of Indian stocks in September 2025, per NSDL. Notes ›
5. RBI started a one-year incentive scheme running from October 2025 to September 2026. Notes ›
6. Listed companies must disclose promoters' in-laws: the spouse's parents and married children's spouses with their parents. Notes ›
7. RBI formed a six-member Payments Regulatory Board (PRB) for payment systems, replacing BPSS. Notes ›
8. RBI lets banks count overseas-raised perpetual debt fully inside the 1.5% of RWA AT1 ceiling. Notes ›
9. PhonePe and Mastercard jointly rolled out a tap-and-pay option for Mastercard cardholders. Notes ›
10. Cheque clearing moved from batch to continuous mode; Phase 1 ran 4 October 2025 to 2 January 2026. Notes ›

Economy

11. ADB cut India's FY26 growth forecast to 6.5% from 6.7%, and FY27 to 6.5% from 6.8%. Notes ›
12. Fiscal deficit is total spending minus total receipts excluding borrowings, quoted as a share of GDP. Notes ›

International Affairs

13. TEPA with four EFTA nations became operational on 1 October 2025. Notes ›

Agriculture & Rural

14. AVPL Ltd, an integrated agri-drone firm, plans a tech park to localise drone components. Notes ›

Environment & Ecology

15. India's first dugong reserve, in northern Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, was notified in September 2022. Notes ›