Genome India Project: 10,000 Genomes Compiled
Why in the news
India put together a year’s worth of data: 10,000 human genomes covering 83 population groups, to support disease research and drug therapy.
Key facts
- Launch: January 2020 by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), inspired by the Human Genome Project of 2003.
- Genomes compiled: 10,000 from 83 groups, roughly 2% of 4,600 population groups.
- Data home: Indian Biological Data Centre, Faridabad, Haryana.
- Partners include IISc, NCBS and IIT campuses, working with the government and international researchers.
| Stage | What happens |
|---|---|
| Sample collection | DNA taken from people of varied ethnic and regional backgrounds |
| Sequencing | Advanced technology reads the genetic code |
| Analysis | Computer tools find variations, mutations and disease patterns |
| Database | Central reference store that grows as more people are sequenced |
About the project
It is a large effort to map the genomes of people across India and build a database that reflects the country’s diversity, in order to spot genetic variations, identify disease risks and improve personalised healthcare.
Objectives
- Sequence genomes across regions and ethnic groups for a reference database.
- Map how variations are spread, to find markers specific to Indians.
- Improve diagnosis and treatment of prevalent genetic disorders.
- Strengthen genomics and bioinformatics research and global links.
Significance
- Precision medicine: treatments matched to a person’s genetic profile, with fewer side effects.
- Insight into cancer, diabetes, heart disease and disorders such as thalassemia.
- Evidence for public health policy and early disease prevention.
Concerns
- Privacy and informed consent for genetic data.
- Huge data volumes need strong computing infrastructure.
- Capturing India’s diversity accurately is complex.
- Underrepresented groups need awareness to take part.
Exam angle
- Nodal body: Department of Biotechnology.
- Database location: Faridabad, Haryana.
- Related projects: Human Genome Project, 1000 Genomes Project.