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Daily Current Affairs: 25 July 2025

Current affairs of 25 July 2025: eShram Portal: Unorganised Workers’ Database and Schemes; India-UK CETA and Vision 2035: Trade Deal Explained; SPoCS: Culture Ministry’s Scheme to Spread Scientific Temper, and 12 more topics. Key facts for every exam, with a quiz.

Take the quiz (15 questions)July 2025

In this issue: 15 topics

Government Schemes

eShram Portal: Unorganised Workers’ Database and Schemes
SPoCS: Culture Ministry’s Scheme to Spread Scientific Temper
DHRUVA policy and DIGIPIN geo-coded address system unveiled

Banking & Finance

PayPal World Unifies Global Payment Systems and Wallets
HKMA Penalty on Indian Overseas Bank Hong Kong Branch
Shriram Life and ESAF SFB Tie-Up for Insurance Inclusion

Economy

NFRA Gets New Chairperson: Nitin Gupta and Mandate of the Authority
NSDL IPO: ₹4,000 Crore Issue Opens on 30 July 2025

International Affairs

India-UK CETA and Vision 2035: Trade Deal Explained
ICJ Climate Advisory Opinion Says States Face Legal Duties
Thailand-Cambodia Border Clashes Escalate Near Ta Muen Thom Temple

Agriculture & Rural

Estimates Committee Report on Organic Farming Reforms

Science & Technology

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: third known visitor from beyond Solar System
50 years of SITE, India’s pioneering satellite TV experiment

Defence & Security

ULPGM-V3 Drone-Launched Missile Tested at Kurnool

Government Schemes

Polity & Governance

1. eShram Portal: Unorganised Workers’ Database and Schemes

eShram was launched on 26 August 2021 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment to build the National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW).
Registered workers get a Universal Account Number (UAN) on self-declaration.
On 21 October 2024 it was relaunched as a one-stop solution linking welfare schemes.
Fourteen schemes, including PMJJBY, PMSBY and MGNREGS, are integrated.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Government Schemes

2. SPoCS: Culture Ministry’s Scheme to Spread Scientific Temper

SPoCS is a Ministry of Culture scheme implemented by NCSM.
27 Science Centres exist under it.
They drew over 15 lakh visitors in FY 2024-25.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Government Schemes

3. DHRUVA policy and DIGIPIN geo-coded address system unveiled

The Department of Posts introduced the DHRUVA policy on 25 July 2025.
It has two layers: DIGIPIN and a consent-based Digital Address layer.
DIGIPIN is a 10-character alphanumeric code for 4 m x 4 m grids across India.
DIGIPIN was developed with IIT Hyderabad and ISRO along with India Post.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Banking & Finance

Banking & Finance

4. PayPal World Unifies Global Payment Systems and Wallets

PayPal announced PayPal World to link global payment systems and wallets in one network.
Launch is expected in Fall 2025, initially for PayPal and Venmo.
Partners include Mercado Pago, NPCI International Payments (UPI) and Tenpay Global.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Banking & Finance

5. HKMA Penalty on Indian Overseas Bank Hong Kong Branch

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority fined Indian Overseas Bank's Hong Kong branch HK$850,000.
The penalty is for breaching anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing rules.
IOB must review transaction alerts and submit a remedial action plan.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Banking & Finance

6. Shriram Life and ESAF SFB Tie-Up for Insurance Inclusion

Shriram Life Insurance announced a partnership with ESAF Small Finance Bank on July 23, 2025.
ESAF will act as a corporate agent, selling Shriram Life products through 788 branches and 1,095 customer service centres.
The target segment is households earning ₹4-15 lakh annually who lack formal insurance.
Products include term insurance, endowment plans, ULIPs and annuities.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Economy

7. NFRA Gets New Chairperson: Nitin Gupta and Mandate of the Authority

Nitin Gupta (Retd. IRS), former CBDT Chairman, was appointed Chairperson of NFRA.
NFRA was constituted on 1 October 2018 under Section 132(1) of the Companies Act, 2013.
It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, headquartered in New Delhi.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

8. NSDL IPO: ₹4,000 Crore Issue Opens on 30 July 2025

NSDL planned a ₹4,000 crore IPO for 30 July 2025.
It becomes the second listed depository after CDSL (listed 2017 on NSE).
SEBI rules push market infrastructure institutions to dilute promoter stakes and list.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

International Affairs

9. India-UK CETA and Vision 2035: Trade Deal Explained

India and the UK signed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) in July 2025 and endorsed the India-UK Vision 2035 roadmap.
Under CETA, 99% of tariff lines get zero duty, which spans all of India's export value to the UK.
The Double Contribution Convention spares Indian professionals UK social security contributions for up to 3 years.
Vision 2035 aims to double bilateral trade from $56 billion to $112 billion by 2030.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Environment & Ecology

10. ICJ Climate Advisory Opinion Says States Face Legal Duties

The ICJ delivered its climate advisory opinion on 23 July 2025, requested by the UN General Assembly.
It found states have legal obligations to cut greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change.
Failing to act can be an internationally wrongful act, with possible cessation, non-repetition and compensation.
The opinion is non-binding but expected to shape COP30 in Brazil.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

International Relations

11. Thailand-Cambodia Border Clashes Escalate Near Ta Muen Thom Temple

Clashes on 24 July occurred near Prasat Ta Muen Thom temple, close to Surin province.
Thailand used F-16 jets for air strikes; both sides traded blame.
The border dispute spans over 800 km and traces to colonial-era 1907 maps.
The ICJ ruled on Preah Vihear in favour of Cambodia in 1962 and 2013; Thailand rejects its jurisdiction.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Agriculture & Rural

Polity & Governance

12. Estimates Committee Report on Organic Farming Reforms

The Estimates Committee urged formalising the 20-30% organic premium through MSPs.
It proposed district-wise KVK rankings and AI alerts.
KVK evaluation was last done in 2018 by NILERD.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Science & Technology

Science & Technology

13. Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS: third known visitor from beyond Solar System

3I/ATLAS is the third confirmed interstellar object, after 1I/ʻOumuamua (2017) and 2I/Borisov (2019).
It was discovered on 1 July 2025 by the ATLAS telescope at Rio Hurtado, Chile; designation C/2025 N1 (ATLAS).
Simulations give a 70% chance it is over 3 billion years older than the Solar System.
It will reach perihelion on 29 October 2025 at about 1.36 AU.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Science & Technology

14. 50 years of SITE, India’s pioneering satellite TV experiment

SITE ran from 1 August 1975 to 31 July 1976.
It reached more than 2,400 villages in 20 districts of six states.
It used NASA's ATS-6 satellite.
Partners were NASA, ISRO and All India Radio, supported by UNDP, UNESCO, UNICEF and ITU.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Defence & Security

Defence & Security

15. ULPGM-V3 Drone-Launched Missile Tested at Kurnool

DRDO flight-tested the UAV-Launched Precision Guided Missile ULPGM-V3 at the NOAR range, Kurnool.
Range is up to 4 km by day and 2.5 km at night; weight is 12.5 kg.
It uses an Imaging Infrared seeker and a two-way datalink.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Test yourself

15 questions from the news of 25 July 2025, with answers and explanations.