1. What is the main purpose of the eShram portal started by the Ministry of Labour and Employment?
Answer: E. The portal holds the National Database of Unorganised Workers and gives each worker a Universal Account Number to reach welfare schemes.
2. Which 2025 agreement gives Indian exports duty-free entry into the UK on 99% of tariff lines?
Answer: C. Signed in July 2025, the India–UK CETA opens duty-free access for 99% of Indian exports and also covers services, skilled mobility and social security.
3. Which initiative supports informal science learning through Science Centres, Planetariums and Innovation Hubs?
Answer: D. The Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science, run by the Ministry of Culture, builds science cities, centres, hubs and planetariums to foster scientific temper.
4. Who was named Chairperson of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) in 2025?
Answer: E. Nitin Gupta, a retired IRS officer and ex-chairman of CBDT, now heads the country's top regulator for auditing and financial reporting.
5. What distinction will NSDL gain through its IPO set for July 30, 2025?
Answer: A. After CDSL, NSDL becomes the second listed depository, in line with SEBI's push for transparency and public participation in market infrastructure institutions.
6. What is PayPal World, launched in 2025, meant to do?
Answer: A. It is a single global wallet and payments platform that smooths cross-border transactions and brings in services such as Venmo and UPI.
7. Why did the HKMA fine the Hong Kong branch of Indian Overseas Bank?
Answer: C. The authority imposed a penalty of HK$850,000 because the branch failed to meet anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing requirements.
8. Which recommendation did the Parliamentary Panel make to encourage organic farming?
Answer: B. The committee proposed formal MSP for organic produce carrying a 20–30% premium, to reward natural and sustainable farming.
9. Which PMKSY component concentrates on micro-irrigation techniques?
Answer: D. Per Drop More Crop promotes micro-irrigation such as drip and sprinkler systems in order to use water more efficiently.
10. What is the principal aim of the Watershed Development Component (WDC) of PMKSY?
Answer: B. The component works to bring back ecological balance and raise productivity in rainfed regions through better land and water conservation.
11. The Digital Address layer of DHRUVA is based on which principle?
Answer: B. Users create labels linked to their DIGIPIN and share them on a consent basis.
12. On which date did the ICJ deliver its advisory opinion on States' climate obligations?
Answer: A. The opinion was delivered on 23 July 2025, after hearings in December 2024.
13. Towards which constellation does 3I/ATLAS appear to originate?
Answer: C. The comet arrived from the direction of Sagittarius.
14. Which court ruled in 1962, reaffirmed in 2013, that Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia?
Answer: E. The ICJ ruled for Cambodia in 1962 and 2013; Thailand rejects its jurisdiction.
15. Which scientist's vision is linked with SITE's use of space for society?
Answer: B. The programme reflected Vikram Sarabhai's philosophy of practical use of knowledge and space technology.