Daily Current Affairs: 21 & 22 December 2025

Current affairs of 21 & 22 December 2025: Tamil Nadu Hornbill Survey and IUCN Status Guide; India-Netherlands Maritime Heritage MoU for NMHC Lothal; Private Member Bills: Constitutional Articles and Limits, and 10 more topics. Key facts for every exam, with a quiz.

Take the quiz (15 questions)December 2025

In this issue: 13 topics

National Affairs

India-Netherlands Maritime Heritage MoU for NMHC Lothal
Private Member Bills: Constitutional Articles and Limits
Good Governance Week 2025: Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore
FSSAI Says Eggs Are Safe, Dismisses Cancer Risk Claims
Bhopal Metro Orange Line Opens: India’s 26th Metro City
National Mathematics Day: Srinivasa Ramanujan’s Birth Anniversary

Government Schemes

Sujal Gram Samvad: 2nd Edition on Har Ghar Jal Feedback

Banking & Finance

RBI Penalty of ₹61.95 Lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank
SEBI Working Group on Non-Agri Commodity Derivatives

Agriculture & Rural

Indi Lime Exports: GI-Tagged Karnataka Fruit Reaches Oman
Fertiliser Subsidy Reform in India: Challenges and Way Forward

Environment & Ecology

Tamil Nadu Hornbill Survey and IUCN Status Guide
Forest University in Gorakhpur: UP’s Planned Campus

National Affairs

International Relations

1. India-Netherlands Maritime Heritage MoU for NMHC Lothal

India and the Netherlands signed an MoU on maritime heritage cooperation.
It backs the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) at Lothal, Gujarat.
Lothal, an Indus Valley Civilization port town, has one of the earliest known dockyards.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Polity & Governance

2. Private Member Bills: Constitutional Articles and Limits

A Private Member Bill is introduced by any MP who is not a Minister.
PMBs cannot be Money Bills (Articles 109, 110) or Financial Bills (Article 117).
Article 118 rules apply: one-month notice, Friday sittings, ballot selection.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Polity & Governance

3. Good Governance Week 2025: Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore

Good Governance Week 2025 is observed from 19 to 25 December 2025 under the theme 'Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore'.
It is launched by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG).
DARPG Secretary Rachna Shah released the guidelines for the week.
It targets administrative efficiency, citizen-centric governance, grievance redressal and service delivery.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Health & Social Issues

4. FSSAI Says Eggs Are Safe, Dismisses Cancer Risk Claims

FSSAI stated that eggs available in India are safe for human consumption.
It called recent claims linking eggs to cancer risk misleading and scientifically unsupported.
Such claims can create unnecessary public alarm, the regulator warned.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Government Schemes

5. Bhopal Metro Orange Line Opens: India’s 26th Metro City

Bhopal became the 26th Indian city with metro services when commercial operations began on 21 December 2025.
The Orange Line priority corridor has 8 elevated stations between Subhash Nagar and AIIMS.
The corridor is part of the wider Bhoj Metro network.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

History, Art & Culture

6. National Mathematics Day: Srinivasa Ramanujan’s Birth Anniversary

National Mathematics Day is observed in India every year on 22 December.
It marks the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan.
Ramanujan is known for work in number theory, infinite series and continued fractions.
Then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced the day in December 2011; 2012 was National Mathematics Year.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Government Schemes

Polity & Governance

7. Sujal Gram Samvad: 2nd Edition on Har Ghar Jal Feedback

Sujal Gram Samvad is organised by the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti.
It collects direct rural feedback on the Har Ghar Jal Mission.
The first edition reached 12 States and Union Territories in 12 languages.
Sarpanchs, women groups and students take part.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Banking & Finance

8. RBI Penalty of ₹61.95 Lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank

RBI imposed a monetary penalty of ₹61.95 lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank for regulatory non-compliance.
The lapses were found during a statutory inspection by RBI.
They concerned Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) accounts, Business Correspondent guidelines and Credit Information Companies Rules, 2006.
The penalty was levied under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and the Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act, 2005.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Economy

9. SEBI Working Group on Non-Agri Commodity Derivatives

SEBI Chairman Tuhin Kanta Pandey announced a working group to review non-agri commodity derivatives.
The group will be notified soon and will study structure, rules and performance.
Commodity derivatives came under SEBI in 2015.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Agriculture & Rural

Economy

10. Indi Lime Exports: GI-Tagged Karnataka Fruit Reaches Oman

GI-tagged Indi Lime from Vijayapura, Karnataka, was exported to Oman for the first time, 3 MT.
A further 350 kg went to the UK.
Total exports reached about 12.35 MT.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Economy

11. Fertiliser Subsidy Reform in India: Challenges and Way Forward

Economists urged India to restructure its fertiliser subsidy because of fiscal burden, nutrient imbalance and environmental harm.
Only 35-40% of applied nitrogen is absorbed by crops, and 20-25% of subsidised urea is diverted.
Suggested reforms: income transfers, urea under NBS, Agri Stack targeting and e-vouchers.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Environment & Ecology

12. Tamil Nadu Hornbill Survey and IUCN Status Guide

Tamil Nadu plans a hornbill population survey from late December 2025 till March or April 2026.
Hornbills disperse seeds, earning the name farmers of the forest.
Narcondam Hornbill is Endangered; Great and Rhinoceros Hornbills are Vulnerable.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

Environment & Ecology

13. Forest University in Gorakhpur: UP’s Planned Campus

Uttar Pradesh will set up a university for forestry, wildlife, ecology and climate change.
The campus covers 125 acres near the Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre, Gorakhpur.
Rs 50 crore is allocated for initial work.

Full notes and 3 MCQs ›

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15 questions from the news of 21 & 22 December 2025, with answers and explanations.

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Daily Current Affairs: 21 & 22 December 2025

In this issue: 13 topics

National Affairs

1. India-Netherlands Maritime Heritage MoU for NMHC Lothal

2. Private Member Bills: Constitutional Articles and Limits

3. Good Governance Week 2025: Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore

4. FSSAI Says Eggs Are Safe, Dismisses Cancer Risk Claims

5. Bhopal Metro Orange Line Opens: India’s 26th Metro City

6. National Mathematics Day: Srinivasa Ramanujan’s Birth Anniversary

Government Schemes

7. Sujal Gram Samvad: 2nd Edition on Har Ghar Jal Feedback

Banking & Finance

8. RBI Penalty of ₹61.95 Lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank

9. SEBI Working Group on Non-Agri Commodity Derivatives

Agriculture & Rural

10. Indi Lime Exports: GI-Tagged Karnataka Fruit Reaches Oman

11. Fertiliser Subsidy Reform in India: Challenges and Way Forward

Environment & Ecology

12. Tamil Nadu Hornbill Survey and IUCN Status Guide

13. Forest University in Gorakhpur: UP’s Planned Campus

Test yourself