India’s 2035 NDCs: Targets and Challenges Explained
Why in the news
India is preparing fresh climate pledges for 2035; experts want an economy-wide transition roadmap that protects growth.
About NDCs
- Country-level climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, renewed every five years (Article 4).
Present targets
| Area | Commitment |
|---|---|
| Emissions intensity | 45% cut per unit of GDP, 2005-2030 |
| Power capacity | 50% non-fossil by 2030 |
| Carbon sink | 2.5-3 Bt CO₂ via afforestation and agroforestry |
| LIFE Movement | Low-carbon lifestyles |
| Adaptation | Resilience in agriculture, water, coasts, Himalayas, health, disasters |
Concerns
- Absolute emissions keep rising; a peak is expected near 2035.
- Coal remains vital for grid stability.
- Gaps in long-duration storage, green hydrogen and CCS.
- Shortage of global climate finance; coal-heavy states need a just transition.
Exam angle
- Article 4, five-year cycle; baseline year 2005.