India’s 3rd Voluntary National Review on SDGs presented
Why in the news
NITI Aayog presented India’s third Voluntary National Review (VNR) on the Sustainable Development Goals at the High-Level Political Forum convened by UN-ECOSOC. India had earlier reported in 2017 and 2020.
Key facts
- Poverty (SDG 1): roughly 248 million people escaped multidimensional poverty from 2013-14 to 2022-23.
- Health (SDG 3): out-of-pocket expenditure share declined sharply.
- Food (SDG 2): PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana covers about 81.35 crore beneficiaries and continues for five more years from 2024.
- Digital payments: UPI volume grew 41.7%.
| Indicator | Figure |
|---|---|
| Out-of-pocket health share, 2014-15 | 62.6% |
| Out-of-pocket health share, 2020-21 | 39.4% |
| Share of global real-time payments, FY 2025 | 48.5% |
About the VNR
A Voluntary National Review is a country’s own progress report on the SDGs, presented at the HLPF. India tracks progress through tools such as the SDG India Index and district-level localisation. Clean energy efforts cited include the National Green Hydrogen Mission, PM-KUSUM and PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
Exam angle
- Note the years of India’s VNRs: 2017, 2020 and 2025.
- NITI Aayog is the nodal body for SDG work.