Hul Diwas: Santhal Rebellion marks 170th anniversary
Why in the news
The 170th anniversary of the Santhal rebellion was marked on 30 June, observed in Jharkhand as Hul Diwas. The uprising is often described as India’s first organised struggle against British oppression, two years before the Revolt of 1857.
Key facts
- Hul means revolution; the rebellion began on 30 June 1855.
- Centre of action: Damin-i-Koh in the Rajmahal hills, in present-day Jharkhand.
- Leaders: Sidhu and Kanhu, along with Chand-Bhairav, Phulo-Jhano and other tribal martyrs.
- The movement brought together about 32 castes and communities.
- Causes: the Damin-i-Koh settlement of 1832, land-grabbing, bonded labour and exploitation by zamindars backed by the British.
Outcomes
| Law | Year | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act | 1876 | Protect Adivasi land from transfer to non-Adivasis |
| Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act | 1908 | Similar protection of tribal land rights |
About the Santhal rebellion
The Santhals resisted colonial land alienation and zamindari exploitation. The Jharkhand government has designated the anniversary as Hul Diwas to honour the rebels.
Exam angle
- Remember the date: 30 June 1855, before the 1857 Revolt.
- Match leaders: Sidhu-Kanhu with the Santhal Hul.
- Tribal land protection laws of 1876 and 1908 are linked to this movement.