1. The India-EU trade pact negotiations are targeted to be finished in which year?
Answer: C. Negotiators aim to close the India-EU deal within 2025, ahead of a summit planned for that same year. The talks cover trade, investment, green growth, security and mobility.
2. Which EU policy worries India the most where trade is concerned?
Answer: A. CBAM puts a carbon-linked levy on imports according to their emissions footprint. India fears this will hurt its exports, notably steel and aluminium.
3. Ukraine has reportedly been pushed towards talks with Russia by which country?
Answer: E. Reports say Washington is urging Kyiv to enter diplomatic talks with Moscow. This points to a change in how the US backs Ukraine in the war.
4. After the US put a 10% tariff on Chinese imports, how did China react?
Answer: B. Beijing reacted sharply to the 10% US duty and said it would do whatever was needed to counter it. Chinese share prices fell afterwards.
5. Aditya L1's SUIT instrument achieved which notable scientific first?
Answer: D. SUIT recorded an X6.3-class flare in near ultraviolet light. The data reveal how energy spreads and how temperature changes in the Sun's atmosphere.
6. The number of Ramsar Sites India has designated for wetland protection is:
Answer: B. India's 75 Ramsar Sites span roughly 1.33 million hectares. These wetlands help conserve biodiversity and regulate the climate.
7. Heatwave-driven wheat price pressure could push India to take which step?
Answer: E. After successive years of weak wheat harvests, India may cut or scrap its 40% import duty on wheat. The aim is to steady domestic supply and prices.
8. SEBI's 'Bond Central' initiative is chiefly meant to do what?
Answer: A. SEBI set up Bond Central to make the corporate bond market more transparent and efficient. Investors get easier access to bond data through it.
9. India's GDP growth projection for the third quarter of FY25 is:
Answer: D. Q3 FY25 growth is projected at 6.2%, helped by exports and government spending. Sluggish investment growth acts as a drag.
10. By 2029, India's digital economy is projected to make up what share of GDP?
Answer: C. The digital economy is expanding fast and should account for about one-fifth of GDP by 2029, even though user adoption remains a challenge.
11. The NSO revised real GDP growth for FY24 to 9.2%. Which statement about this figure is correct?
Answer: B. The release described 9.2% as the highest annual growth in 12 years, leaving out the post-pandemic rebound year of FY22.
12. In February 2025, net GST collections after refunds of Rs 20,889 crore grew by what rate?
Answer: C. Net collections of about Rs 1.63 lakh crore grew 8.1%; 9.1% was the gross growth rate.
13. Garud Special Forces, which took part in Exercise Desert Hunt 2025, belong to which organisation?
Answer: C. Garud is the special forces unit of the Indian Air Force; Para (SF) is the Army's and MARCOS the Navy's.
14. The eight core industries together account for what share of the weight in the Index of Industrial Production?
Answer: D. The eight industries make up 40.27% of the IIP weight.
15. The 2025 Zero Discrimination Day statement from UNAIDS mainly stressed the importance of which group for the HIV response?
Answer: B. UNAIDS said communities are essential to sustaining the HIV response and called for their legal recognition and funding.
16. Zelensky's trip to the White House ended suddenly mainly because of what?
Answer: C. The Ukrainian president's meeting closed with no signed minerals agreement, which led to debate over whether he walked out or was asked to go.
17. Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost lunar mission is chiefly meant to do which of the following?
Answer: A. Blue Ghost is linked to NASA's Artemis effort and carries instruments that examine regolith, radiation-tolerant computers and navigation signals on the Moon.
18. Which of these is a major proposal in the UGC Draft Regulations, 2025?
Answer: E. The draft widens anti-discrimination protection from students to every stakeholder on campus and sets up equity committees to deal with complaints.
19. The new gene therapy for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is notable because of which result?
Answer: B. Using viral vectors, treated animals such as a calf grew normally with no diet limits, suggesting an option other than a liver transplant.
20. High PM2.5 levels in Northern India are largely attributed to what?
Answer: D. Vehicle exhaust, household heating and burning of biomass are the main contributors, and each of them involves incomplete combustion.
21. Critics of the Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2025 mainly objected to which aspect?
Answer: A. Opposition arose as the bill raised government influence over the BCI and prohibited strikes by lawyers, prompting worries about judicial independence.
22. What is behind the pushback against SEBI's idea of merging mutual funds with insurance?
Answer: D. Mutual funds are generally regarded as pure investments, and earlier efforts to pair them with insurance did not succeed.
23. Under Governor Sanjay Malhotra, which key monetary policy step did the RBI take?
Answer: B. For the first time in five years the central bank trimmed the repo rate, hoping to lift growth at a time when GDP was slowing.
24. IRDAI's decision to let insurers use derivatives for their equity exposure is intended to achieve what?
Answer: E. Insurers can hedge their equity holdings with derivatives, which the regulator expects to improve risk control and deepen liquidity in equity derivatives.
25. Why is India giving preference to bilateral trade pacts over multilateral arrangements?
Answer: C. As faith in global bodies like the WTO and WHO falls, India is moving to two-party deals, among them the proposed India-EU free trade agreement.
26. On which date in 2025 did the Trump-Zelensky meeting at the White House end in a clash?
Answer: B. The notes date the Oval Office confrontation to 28 February 2025.
27. Blue Ghost Mission 1, which landed on the Moon upright, was built and operated by which company?
Answer: B. Firefly Aerospace, a US company, landed Blue Ghost Mission 1.
28. Under the UGC draft regulations 2025, who is protected against discrimination, unlike the 2012 rules?
Answer: B. The draft widens coverage from students to all stakeholders.
29. In the MSUD gene therapy research, which vector carried the working genes into cells?
Answer: A. The therapy used an adeno-associated viral vector to deliver BCKDHA and BCKDHB genes.
30. A Nature Communications study on northern India found PM2.5 toxicity to be how many times that in Chinese and European cities?
Answer: C. The notes state toxicity of PM2.5 in India was five times that of Chinese and European cities.
31. Which set of sectors is central to the India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA)?
Answer: B. Since ECTA came into force, bilateral trade has grown by 66%. The pact concentrates on clean energy, education, agribusiness and tourism, while investment in defence, space and health is also rising.
32. Why are there worries about giving Rajasthan's Orans (sacred groves) formal legal classification?
Answer: D. The Supreme Court held that Orans must be protected. However, bringing them under statutes like the Forest Conservation Act or Wildlife Protection Act might erode community-led management.
33. Insurance of bank deposits in India is handled by which body?
Answer: B. DICGC provides the cover on bank deposits. There is a plan to lift the insured limit from ₹5 lakh to ₹15 lakh, since only 43.1% of total deposits are presently covered.
34. For FY25 India is projected to become the world's fourth largest economy with a GDP of about:
Answer: E. India is set to move past Japan's $4 trillion economy and hit $4.2 trillion in FY25. The push comes from 6.5% growth, supportive policy and infrastructure spending.
35. Which factor best explains the fall in IPO activity in India?
Answer: A. Just 14 IPO filings were made in February, blamed on market swings, political uncertainty and regulatory worries. Brokerage firms consequently reported weaker earnings.
36. What makes the Bose Metal state found in Niobium Diselenide (NbSe₂) significant?
Answer: D. In a Bose metal, current flows with ease yet resistance never falls to zero, unlike in a superconductor. The finding may open the way to advances in quantum materials research.
37. The Cities Coalition for Circularity (C-3) in India mainly aims to do what?
Answer: C. C-3 is built around the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle approach to greener urban development. Under CITIIS 2.0, agreements worth ₹1,800 crore were signed, benefiting 18 cities in 14 states.
38. Which technology is expected to make Gangetic Dolphin counts more accurate?
Answer: A. Hydrophones pick up the echolocation clicks of river dolphins, which gives a more reliable headcount. This supports conservation, including protecting habitats and avoiding entanglement in fishing nets.
39. What happened to India's Manufacturing PMI in February?
Answer: D. The manufacturing PMI eased to 56.3 because of higher input costs, yet jobs and demand stayed firm. Any reading over 50 still means the sector is expanding.
40. Why does the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) matter for India-Australia trade?
Answer: B. CECA is meant to build on ECTA by covering a larger range of trade and investment matters. That would deepen India-Australia economic ties beyond what current agreements offer.
41. Which agreement is credited with boosting India-Australia trade, as per the new Australian economic engagement roadmap?
Answer: B. The notes credit the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) for the trade rise.
42. Which body's survey showed 63% of Americans think NATO helps the US?
Answer: B. The survey on Ukraine aid and NATO was by Pew Research Center.
43. Which Belgian minister held defence talks with Rajnath Singh in New Delhi?
Answer: B. Belgian Defence Minister Theo Francken met Rajnath Singh.
44. Sacred groves protected by local communities in Rajasthan, with a ban on cutting trees, are known as what?
Answer: B. Orans are community-kept sacred groves in Rajasthan.
45. In which city was the Cities Coalition for Circularity (C-3) launched by India?
Answer: A. The C-3 launch and CITIIS 2.0 MoU signing took place in Jaipur.
46. A Multi-Asset Allocation Fund (MAAF) is mainly designed to do what?
Answer: B. These funds hold equity, debt, gold, property and other assets together, which cushions risk and gives steadier returns when markets swing.
47. What worry is raised about SEBI's consultation paper on market regulation?
Answer: D. Moving to delta-based open interest and tightening norms for non-benchmark indices is meant to deter manipulation, yet may hurt volumes.
48. SEBI's Mitraa platform exists for which purpose?
Answer: A. It lets investors find mutual fund units, including pre-2006 ones without a PAN link, by matching PAN, phone numbers and bank information.
49. What effect have India's Free Trade Agreements had on customs revenue?
Answer: D. Pacts with ASEAN, Japan and the UAE lowered tariffs and cost the exchequer heavily, and future deals with the US, EU and UK may add to the loss.
50. In its Financial System Stability Assessment of India, the IMF flagged which issue?
Answer: B. The fund pointed to NBFC lending concentrated in power and infrastructure, plus their close ties to banks and markets, as a possible systemic threat.
51. What is the reason the RBI is expected to lower the repo rate?
Answer: E. With growth slowing and inflation easing, a cut should encourage borrowing and spending, though tight liquidity might blunt its impact.
52. Trump's threat of reciprocal tariffs on India is chiefly driven by what?
Answer: C. India levies around 13.4% on manufactured and 40% on farm goods, making trade costly and complex, and the threat is meant to offset that.
53. If the U.S. government builds a strategic cryptocurrency reserve, which regulatory worry stands out?
Answer: C. A reserve held by the state goes against the decentralization on which blockchain is built, fuelling fears of government overreach.
54. In what way could a U.S. cryptocurrency reserve influence the global financial system?
Answer: A. Nations like China and the EU might speed up their CBDC and digital-asset policies to balance the weight of an American crypto stockpile.
55. What long-run effect might a U.S. cryptocurrency reserve have on financial markets?
Answer: E. Government-held crypto could strengthen institutional trust and so push digital assets further into everyday finance.
56. Which 1979 US law forms the foundation of US-Taiwan relations and mandates defensive arms for Taiwan?
Answer: C. The Taiwan Relations Act, 1979 is the bedrock and requires defensive arms provision.
57. In which two U.K. cities were new Indian consulates announced to open in March 2025?
Answer: B. Consulates open in Belfast on 7 March and Manchester on 8 March.
58. The India-Belgium defence joint venture with Pune's EPH mainly targets turrets for which Indian Army platform?
Answer: B. The JV focuses on the Zorawar light tank, built by DRDO and L&T.
59. What tariff did the US impose on Canadian energy products in March 2025 according to the notes?
Answer: B. Canadian energy products faced a 10% tariff.
60. Which company's Blue Ghost lander touched down on the Moon's Mare Crisium region?
Answer: C. Blue Ghost belongs to US private firm Firefly Aerospace.
61. Donald Trump announced which tariff-related plan?
Answer: E. Trump criticised the steep duties charged by India, China and others, and said reciprocal tariffs would follow. India's high tariffs on automobiles were a particular target.
62. Which of these explains the rising concern over space debris?
Answer: E. Debris disrupts satellite operations and endangers human safety. Weak international treaties also make enforcement hard, so every listed reason applies.
63. India's largest Buddha head was recently unearthed at which place?
Answer: D. Archaeologists found a big Buddha head and other remains at Ratnagiri. The finds underline the site's past importance as a pilgrimage centre of Vajrayana Buddhism.
64. How did the Supreme Court rule on domicile-based reservation in medical seats?
Answer: C. The Court found domicile quotas in postgraduate medical admissions to be against the right to equality. The matter touched on keeping specialists locally and on state spending on medical education.
65. What did the Supreme Court flag about online comedy and humour content?
Answer: A. The Court suggested regulation to stop vulgar content in digital humour. It also said freedom of speech under Article 19 has to be kept in balance.
66. Quantum computing is seen as a national security risk chiefly because it:
Answer: D. Quantum machines might defeat current encryption protocols. That could upset financial markets and expose sensitive information.
67. Which step did the RBI take to add liquidity to the banking system?
Answer: B. The RBI is putting in ₹1.9 lakh crore via open market operations and forex swaps. This is meant to keep liquidity healthy and the financial system stable.
68. Regarding India's drive to ease trade rules with the EU, which issue stands out?
Answer: E. European firms want simpler trade procedures in India. They point to hurdles such as steep customs barriers and QCOs.
69. What GDP growth rate does the World Bank say India needs in order to reach high-income status?
Answer: C. The World Bank says growth of 7.8% has to be kept up for two decades for India to become a high-income nation. Structural reforms would be needed along the way.
70. What is the main purpose of India's second National Gene Bank?
Answer: C. The second gene bank is meant to safeguard genetic material that matters for food security, biodiversity and resilience to climate change.
71. Who presented the Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados at the Bridgetown ceremony?
Answer: C. President Dame Sandra Mason presented it; Margherita received it for PM Modi.
72. The Sonprayag-Kedarnath ropeway will reduce one-way travel time to roughly how long?
Answer: A. Travel time will fall from about 8 to 9 hours to around 36 minutes in one direction.
73. In the tariff discussion, which example illustrated how high import duty burdens consumers?
Answer: B. A 20% car duty was said to lift a ₹5 lakh car to ₹6 lakh.
74. Which international instrument of 1972 fixes absolute liability for damage on Earth from space objects?
Answer: B. The 1972 Liability Convention establishes absolute liability for launching states.
75. The large Buddha head found during excavation at Ratnagiri, Odisha, was carved in which stone?
76. What was the main purpose of CDS General Anil Chauhan's trip to Australia?
Answer: A. The visit sought to lift India-Australia defence cooperation, with emphasis on maritime security, reciprocal deployments and joint exercises.
77. Which goal is central to COP-30, due in Brazil in 2025?
Answer: E. The summit centres on the Global Ethical Stocktake, moving away from fossil fuels, tripling renewables and securing enough climate money.
78. Why do southern states worry about the delimitation debate in India?
Answer: B. If seats follow population alone, southern states with slower growth could lose representation, so they seek a freeze on allocation until 2056.
79. Why is INSV Tarini's Navika Sagar Parikrama-II voyage considered significant?
Answer: D. Lt. Cdr Roopa A. and Lt. Cdr Dilna K. lead the all-women round-the-world sail, displaying India's maritime strength and inclusion in the navy.
80. What is India's AI Kosha initiative chiefly meant to provide?
Answer: A. This government platform offers 316 datasets covering health, satellite images and census data for training AI models and cutting reliance on foreign AI.
81. Why did SEBI caution people against property dealings involving Sunshine Global Agro?
Answer: D. SEBI acted against the firm in 2014 over an illegal Collective Investment Scheme and advised against property deals because of illegal encroachments.
82. How does the RBI's ₹1.87 trillion liquidity infusion help the economy?
Answer: B. Injecting funds through open market operations and forex swaps eases deposit rates and calms the bond market, keeping finance running smoothly.
83. What is the chief benefit of the Digital Footprint-Based Credit Model for MSMEs?
Answer: E. Creditworthiness is judged from digital transaction records, which speeds up approvals and brings more MSMEs into formal finance.
84. How will Phase 2 of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) help India's technology sector?
Answer: C. The CDIL-Infineon tie-up under this phase is meant to boost chip innovation at home and lower India's reliance on imported chips.
85. Crisil's report projects what GDP growth rate for India in FY26?
Answer: C. Crisil expects growth of 6.5% in FY26, helped by firm domestic demand, a larger manufacturing sector and general economic resilience.
86. In which year was the Jan Aushadhi scheme, now PMBJP, originally launched?
Answer: B. The scheme began in November 2008 and was later renamed PMBJP.
87. Who hosted CDS General Anil Chauhan in Canberra during his visit to Australia?
Answer: A. Australia's Chief of Defence Force, Admiral David Johnston, was the host.
88. Which country hosts the COP30 climate conference in November 2025?
Answer: B. COP30 is scheduled in Brazil for 10-21 November 2025.
89. Where did External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar speak about US-India relations under Trump?
Answer: A. He addressed Chatham House in London.
90. The Chennai all-party meeting chaired by M.K. Stalin sought a freeze on seats until which year?
Answer: C. The freeze on Lok Sabha and Assembly strength was sought until 2056.
91. What message did China's foreign minister Wang Yi give about ties with India?
Answer: C. Wang Yi called for cooperation and described the relationship through the image of an elephant (India) and a dragon (China) dancing a ballet. He urged peaceful coexistence.
92. What reason lay behind Iran's refusal to hold nuclear talks with the US?
Answer: A. Iran will not negotiate under American pressure, pointing to the collapse of the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action after Washington withdrew. Tensions rose as a result.
93. What is the chief aim of the proposed US-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA)?
Answer: D. The proposed pact would deepen trade cooperation by trimming tariff and non-tariff barriers and widening market access, strengthening economic links between the two countries.
94. To tackle duplicate voter ID cards, the Election Commission has begun:
Answer: B. The Commission admitted that duplicate voter IDs exist. It is fixing this by issuing distinct EPIC (Electors Photo Identity Card) numbers, which should prevent mistakes and fraud.
95. Why does the deciphering of the Indus Valley script matter?
Answer: E. Cryptographer Yajnadevam's results cast doubt on the Aryan Migration Theory. They tie the script to Sanskrit and Brahmi, pointing to a continuous linguistic tradition.
96. Which major defence agreement did India conclude with Russia?
Answer: C. India agreed a $248M contract with Russia to fit its T-72 tanks with 1,000 HP engines. The upgrade should improve how the tanks perform in battle.
97. What is the reason behind the new SEBI chief's emphasis on "optimum regulation"?
Answer: C. SEBI's new head, Tuhin Kanta Pandey, wants to strike a balance by removing needless rules while keeping the market transparent and efficient.
98. What motivates India's growing gold reserves?
Answer: A. India has been adding gold to reinforce financial stability, support independence in trade and cushion itself against global economic shocks.
99. What does the recent trend in RBI's VRR auctions suggest?
Answer: E. Weaker demand at the RBI's repo auctions means banks have more liquidity. That lets the RBI follow a more balanced policy and could lead to lower interest rates.
100. How does the government's subsidised loan scheme help sugar mills?
Answer: B. Cooperative sugar mills get a 50% interest subvention, enabling them to make ethanol from sources other than cane. This supports biofuel goals and cuts energy dependence.
101. International Women's Day is observed on which date each year?
Answer: B. International Women's Day falls on 8 March every year.
102. G-SAFAL is aimed at SHG women of Antyodaya families in how many aspirational districts and blocks?
Answer: B. It covers two aspirational districts and 13 aspirational blocks of Gujarat.
103. Which of these players was NOT an Indian World Junior Chess champion before Pranav Venkatesh?
Answer: D. Anand, Harikrishna and Gupta were earlier Indian winners; Praggnanandhaa is not listed among them.
104. Which pilgrimage did India and China agree to restart in summer under the thaw in ties?
Answer: B. The Mansarovar Yatra was set to resume, along with flights and visas.
105. Whom did U.S. President Trump write to, urging negotiations on preventing nuclear weapon development?
Answer: B. Trump's letter went to Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
106. Why is geo-mapping of rubber plantations being carried out in Kerala?
Answer: D. Mapping plots improves market access and helps meet the Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber framework and the EU Deforestation Regulation, aiding sustainability and competitiveness.
107. How many people were screened in the 100-Day Intensified TB Elimination Campaign?
Answer: A. The drive looked for TB in high-risk groups, with 10 crore people screened and 3.8 lakh given chest X-rays, though weak infrastructure limited results.
108. Which river dolphin conservation programme began in India in 2020?
Answer: D. Begun in 2020, it concentrates on protecting habitats of river dolphins, particularly in the Ganges and Brahmaputra systems.
109. Which of these forms a core part of the IndiaAI Mission?
Answer: B. AI Kosha is a national dataset platform that backs AI research and home-grown AI development under a mission with an outlay of ₹10,371.92 crore.
110. How does the Centre's Special Assistance Scheme for States mainly fund states?
Answer: E. The scheme totals ₹1.25 trillion, with ₹95,000 crore tied to reforms and ₹55,000 crore set by each state's share of central taxes, supporting infrastructure.
111. In which year is India's first home-made semiconductor chip expected to be produced?
Answer: C. India plans to release its first indigenous chip in 2025, backed by the 2021 Semicon India Programme and Tata projects in Morigaon and Dholera.
112. Which is a major hurdle for women entrepreneurs in India?
Answer: C. Startups led by women get far less funding and still struggle for credit, even with schemes like PM Jan Dhan, Mudra and Lakhpati Didi.
113. Which country was hit hardest by hacktivist attacks in 2024?
Answer: A. India absorbed 13% of hacktivist attacks worldwide in 2024, aimed at government, military, education and finance, exposing weak cybersecurity.
114. What separates futures contracts from options contracts?
Answer: E. In futures both sides must complete the trade at a preset price, whereas an options buyer holds a right and is not obliged to trade.
115. Which firm has recently prohibited intraday short-selling in non-F&O stocks?
Answer: B. Motilal Oswal stopped intraday short sales in stocks outside F&O so as to limit excess risk when markets are volatile.
116. Which country drafted the Arab League plan for Gaza's reconstruction that the OIC endorsed?
Answer: B. The notes call it the Egyptian-drafted plan approved in Cairo.
117. Which island did India redevelop as a joint surveillance facility with Mauritius?
Answer: B. India redeveloped Agaléga island as a joint surveillance facility.
118. Where is the headquarters of the New Development Bank, in which Pakistan planned a $582 million investment?
Answer: C. The NDB is headquartered in Shanghai, China.
119. Rubber Board's geo mapping of Kerala plantations mainly helps growers comply with which regulation?
Answer: A. The initiative targets EUDR compliance.
120. The 100-day intensified TB elimination campaign began on which date?
Answer: B. It began on December 7, 2024 across 33 States and UTs.
121. All of the following help explain China's deflation problem EXCEPT:
Answer: A. Deflation in China stems from soft spending, surplus goods, slower growth and trade pressure. Wages are not rising too fast; if anything, low pay curbs spending and deepens the problem.
122. Why is India wary of cutting tariffs in its trade talks with the US?
Answer: E. India might lower duties on selected items such as nuts, but it will hold back in sensitive areas like dairy to protect local producers. The WTO does not prohibit cuts; it only requires MFN compliance.
123. Which statement about US economic trends in Trump's second term is correct?
Answer: B. Falling bond yields hint at slower growth and a greater recession risk. The New York Fed's gauge shows growing worry, and US uncertainty is a headwind for India's IT industry.
124. A turnover above what level is proposed as the point at which businesses could face MDR on UPI payments?
Answer: D. The government is weighing the return of MDR for big merchants whose turnover exceeds ₹40 lakh. The idea is to help banks fund the running of UPI infrastructure.
125. Which reason lies behind the sluggish growth of CASA deposits at Indian banks?
Answer: B. As interest rates have gone up, people are moving money out of low-yield CASA accounts into higher-paying term deposits, so CASA grows more slowly.
126. Which country overtook Russia to become the world's second-biggest arms exporter?
Answer: E. SIPRI data show France moving past Russia into second place behind the US. Russian arms exports dropped by 64%.
127. What is one main purpose of using AI-based models to forecast inflation?
Answer: A. AI models, Large Language Models among them, sharpen inflation forecasts by working through live data. That supports more accurate predictions and better policy choices.
128. What accounts for the 9.3% fall in India's arms imports from 2020 to 2024?
Answer: D. India has put weight on building its own defence industry, so it relies less on foreign arms. That lowered imports by 9.3%.
129. What is the effect on India of the rupee weakening to 87.34 per USD?
Answer: C. A weaker rupee makes imported goods such as crude oil costlier and adds to inflation. The RBI can step in to calm volatility, but outflows by foreign investors hold back any recovery.
130. Economic Survey 2025 floated a "health tax" on which products?
Answer: A. The Survey proposed taxing ultra-processed foods to address rising obesity and diabetes. It drew on models such as Chile's "high-in" warning labels.
131. Under GATT Article 24.5, an interim agreement leading to an FTA should be completed within a reasonable period of at most:
Answer: C. A reasonable time frame is stated as 10 years at most.
132. India asked for more time, till which month of 2025, to negotiate the Bilateral Trade Agreement with the US?
Answer: B. India sought an extended timeline until September 2025 for the BTA.
133. By how much did China's consumer prices fall year-on-year in February, signalling deflation?
Answer: C. Prices fell 0.7% year-on-year, the first deflation in over a year.
134. Which body introduced the Indian Nutrition Rating (INR) front-of-pack labelling system in 2022?
Answer: B. The notes state FSSAI's Indian Nutrition Rating was introduced in 2022.
135. Which country was the world's largest importer of major arms in 2020-24 according to SIPRI?
Answer: B. Ukraine's imports rose about 100-fold versus 2015-19.
136. Which Credit-Deposit (CD) ratio range is considered ideal for a bank to stay liquid while still growing its lending?
Answer: E. A CD ratio in the 65%-75% band is seen as healthy; below it suggests cautious lending, above it risks liquidity strain, and the RBI keeps watch on it.
137. Which country is hosting the COP-30 Climate Summit, with attention on climate finance and land restoration?
Answer: B. The summit will take place in Belem, Brazil, stressing climate finance, biodiversity and land restoration, with a goal of mobilising $1.3 trillion a year by 2035.
138. For what reason does WHO advise against naming diseases after places?
Answer: D. Names tied to places, such as Spanish flu or Madura foot, can cause stigma and discrimination, so a neutral naming style keeps things scientifically clear.
139. What is the main risk of depending too heavily on foreign aid?
Answer: A. Heavy dependence on aid can breed long-term reliance and stop a country from building its own economic and governance systems.
140. Which area is the PM Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY) mainly concerned with?
Answer: D. The ₹6,000 crore scheme backs India's fisheries through digital tools, insurance for aquaculture and better value chains.
141. Which country conferred its top civilian honour, the GCSK, on PM Modi?
Answer: B. Mauritius gave PM Modi the Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean, acknowledging cultural and strategic links with India.
142. What is one of the chief aims of India's new Export Promotion Mission?
Answer: E. With an outlay of ₹2,250 crore, the mission softens the blow of US tariffs by giving exporters collateral-free loans, compliance help and other financing.
143. What is a notable advantage of the innovation of fertiliser made from urine?
Answer: C. Researchers found a way to pull nitrogen out of urine for a sustainable fertiliser, which cuts use of synthetic fertilisers and emissions.
144. Why did Canada put tariffs on American goods in reply to Trump's trade moves?
Answer: C. Canada hit back after Trump placed duties on its steel and aluminium; the resulting trade war upset USMCA arrangements and raised costs for U.S. industry.
145. Which innovation in delivering foreign aid is expected to make it more transparent and efficient?
Answer: A. Future aid approaches include digital transfers, AI-based health solutions and blockchain, all meant to improve openness and reduce corruption.
146. Which Canadian province imposed a levy on electricity exports to the US, prompting Trump's fresh tariffs in March 2025?
Answer: D. Ontario's levy on electricity exports triggered the escalation.
147. COP30 is scheduled to be held in which Brazilian city in November 2025?
Answer: D. Brazil hosts COP30 in Belem near the Amazon.
148. What is the title of the WHO report released on 7 February 2025 on compassion in health care?
Answer: B. WHO's report is titled 'Compassion and primary health care'.
149. What share of GNI does the UN recommend developed countries give as foreign aid?
Answer: B. The UN target is 0.7% of GNI, met by only five countries in 2023.
150. How many existing laws does the Immigration and Foreigners Bill consolidate?
Answer: B. It merges the Foreigners Act, Passport Act, Registration of Foreigners Act and Carriers' Liability Act.
151. What is the main goal of India's security partnership with Mauritius?
Answer: D. As part of its Indian Ocean strategy, India is helping build a Police Academy and a Maritime Information Sharing Centre in Mauritius. These will counter piracy and raise maritime safety.
152. In what way does the Jio-Starlink tie-up help India?
Answer: B. The partnership brings satellite-based internet, especially to remote regions. It will work alongside JioFiber and JioAirFiber to improve connectivity across the country.
153. How does the US's 25% tariff on steel and aluminium affect India?
Answer: E. MSMEs that rely on steel exports to the US will suffer. Even so, India buys more raw steel from the US than it sells there, so the overall damage is limited.
154. What is Sri Lanka's chief objection in the Palk Bay fisheries dispute?
Answer: A. Sri Lanka objects to bottom trawling by Indian fishermen, which damages marine biodiversity and creates an economic gap between the fishing communities of the two sides.
155. What role is Indian Railways playing in Mission Amrit Sarovar?
Answer: D. Railways puts soil excavated during infrastructure work to use in building ponds. The aim is to raise groundwater levels and support rural livelihoods.
156. What is behind the controversy around the APAAR ID?
Answer: C. The APAAR ID is officially optional, yet schools are reportedly insisting on registration. This has raised worries about privacy, reliance on Aadhaar and legal conflict.
157. Why do LIC, GIC Re and New India Assurance continue to be Domestic Systemically Important Insurers (D-SIIs)?
Answer: A. A D-SII is an insurer whose collapse could shake the financial system, so it gets tighter regulatory oversight because of its weight in the market.
158. Which statement captures India's digital economy growth correctly?
Answer: D. India ranks third among digital economies, yet internet access (58%) and e-commerce adoption (28%) are below global norms. Policy support for digital literacy and connectivity is needed.
159. Which challenge stands in the way of India sustaining GDP growth above 6.5%?
Answer: B. Even with healthy GDP growth, soft consumer demand and tight government finances must be addressed if India is to keep up long-term momentum.
160. Which approach is a key remedy for global tax evasion?
Answer: E. Multinationals and wealthy individuals use tax havens to dodge taxes, which cuts government revenue. Tougher global tax rules and cooperation between countries can reduce the problem.
161. Starlink, which Jio partnered to bring to India, is operated by a subsidiary of which company?
Answer: B. Starlink Services, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of SpaceX.
162. What additional tariff did the U.S. impose on all steel and aluminium imports from 12 March 2025?
Answer: C. President Trump raised tariffs on steel and aluminium imports to 25%.
163. Which fishing practice, banned in Sri Lanka but still used by Indian fishermen, fuels the Palk Bay dispute?
Answer: C. Bottom trawling damages habitats and is the core irritant.
164. How many ponds per district does Mission Amrit Sarovar aim to build or revive?
Answer: C. The mission targets 75 ponds in each district.
165. What does APAAR stand for in the education sector?
Answer: A. APAAR is the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry.
166. What is chiefly behind the growing kidney disease cases among young Indians?
Answer: D. Rising chronic kidney disease is tied to lifestyle habits like obesity, junk food, protein supplements and painkillers, along with diabetes, hypertension and pollutants.
167. Why does India's first-ever critical minerals auction matter?
Answer: B. Thirteen exploration blocks, covering rare earths, zinc, diamonds and copper, are on offer to build self-reliance in minerals needed by electronics, clean energy and defence.
168. Which organisation managed to undock satellites in the SpaDeX mission?
Answer: E. ISRO separated the satellites SDX01 and SDX02 in SpaDeX, showing India can carry out autonomous docking, which future space missions will need.
169. What is the core goal of the Prime Minister Internship Scheme (PMIS)?
Answer: C. The scheme opens internship openings to young Indians, with the PMIS app simplifying applications and improving their chances of finding jobs.
170. By which route does hantavirus pass to people?
Answer: C. The virus spreads when people breathe in rodent droppings or touch infected rodents, and it can cause serious lung and kidney problems with no specific cure.
171. Why is Starlink entering India through Bharti Airtel and Reliance Jio?
Answer: A. Working with Airtel and Jio lets Starlink bring satellite connectivity to villages where ordinary broadband cannot reach.
172. What does the RBI's climate risk disclosure framework mainly aim to do?
Answer: E. The central bank is finalising disclosure rules so financial entities can assess climate risks, promote green finance and keep the system sustainable.
173. What is SEBI's new stance on Unpublished Price Sensitive Information (UPSI)?
Answer: B. SEBI widened UPSI to cover activities such as fundraising, management agreements and restructuring, to curb insider trading.
174. Why does the RBI remain wary of more rate cuts even though inflation has eased?
Answer: D. Inflation has fallen to 3.61%, yet liquidity shortfalls, global conditions and the need for gradual adjustment keep the RBI careful.
175. What explains the fall in India's food inflation?
Answer: A. Kharif output rose 7.9% and rabi output 6%, keeping food supplies stable and prices lower.
176. What was the level of India's gold reserves in the week ended 7 March 2025?
Answer: C. Gold reserves rose $1 billion to $74.32 billion.
177. On which date is World Kidney Day, when experts flagged rising CKD in young Indians?
Answer: A. The notes refer to World Kidney Day on March 13.
178. Where was India's first auction of exploration licences for critical mineral blocks launched?
Answer: A. Minister G. Kishan Reddy launched it at Dona Paula, Goa.
179. Which launch vehicle carried the SpaDeX satellites on December 30, 2024?
Answer: B. SpaDeX was launched on PSLV C60.
180. Which institute developed the Prime Minister Internship Scheme (PMIS) app?
Answer: C. The PMIS app was developed by Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geoinformatics.
181. Which trio of countries called on the US to lift sanctions tied to Iran's nuclear program?
Answer: A. China, Russia and Iran asked Washington to remove the nuclear-related sanctions dating from Donald Trump's presidency. Iran has said it will not negotiate under pressure.
182. Which financial plan is BRICS weighing in order to depend less on the US dollar?
Answer: D. Member nations are looking at a mechanism that would let them trade without the US dollar, lowering their reliance on Western financial institutions.
183. What issue has the Parliamentary Committee raised about MGNREGS wages?
Answer: C. The committee proposed revising MGNREGS wages because living costs are rising, and urged one wage structure across states. It also noted long payment delays, notably in West Bengal.
184. Why is the Real-Money Gaming (RMG) industry in India under strain?
Answer: A. High taxation and no clear rules are hurting the sector. Offshore gambling sites that ignore Indian law are expanding while domestic companies bear the heavy tax.
185. What breakthrough did India's Aditya-L1 mission achieve?
Answer: D. Aditya-L1 saw a CME that was not accompanied by a solar flare. This gives fresh insight into solar activity and helps in understanding space weather.
186. What worry has been voiced about how APAAR ID is being rolled out?
Answer: B. The government says APAAR ID is optional, but reports say schools are forcing students to sign up. That has triggered privacy and legal concerns.
187. What do India's microfinance institutions mainly ask for on refinancing?
Answer: E. The industry wants MUDRA Bank to become a specialised refinancing body. This would support financial stability and the flow of loans among microfinance institutions.
188. For what reason are MSME exporters seeking changes to e-commerce export rules?
Answer: C. Small exporters struggle with handling remittances, heavy paperwork and complicated regulation. They are asking for AI-based reconciliation and standard fees.
189. What pushed gold prices beyond $3,000 an ounce recently?
Answer: C. Uncertainty from the US-China trade war, larger gold purchases by central banks (China in particular) and possible Federal Reserve rate cuts have lifted gold.
190. What is the main reform in the Block Assessment Scheme for income tax search cases?
Answer: A. The revamped scheme merges several years of filings into a single return. This lowers the compliance burden and lets cases be settled faster.
191. World Consumer Rights Day commemorates the 1962 address on consumer rights by which leader?
Answer: E. The day recalls US President John F. Kennedy's 1962 address on consumer rights.
192. Who is Iran's Supreme Leader, to whom Trump wrote proposing renewed nuclear negotiations?
Answer: C. Trump's letter was addressed to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
193. Brazil, host of COP30, wants climate finance to grow from the $300 billion pledged at COP29 to about how much?
Answer: B. The target is $1.3 trillion, building on $300 billion.
194. MGNREGS wages are currently linked to which index, which the parliamentary committee found inadequate?
Answer: B. The committee criticised the link to CPI for agricultural labourers.
195. What rate of GST do legal real-money gaming firms like Dream11 and PokerBaazi face?
Answer: C. The notes state legal RMG firms are subject to 28% GST.
196. Which country has restarted FTA negotiations with India after roughly ten years?
Answer: A. In March 2025 the two sides formally resumed talks after Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal met New Zealand's Trade Minister Todd McClay.
197. What is the main aim of India's latest defence purchases from France, such as Rafale-M jets and Scorpene submarines?
Answer: D. The French deals, covering Rafale-M aircraft and Scorpene-class submarines, are intended to strengthen India's navy across the Indian Ocean region.
198. Which former president was arrested after an ICC warrant linked to a drug war?
Answer: B. The ex-Philippine president was taken into custody under an International Criminal Court warrant over alleged crimes against humanity in his anti-drug campaign.
199. Baidu's Ernie X1 AI is meant to rival a model from which global AI leader?
Answer: E. Ernie X1 from Baidu is positioned as a competitor to GPT-4 from OpenAI in the worldwide AI race.
200. Which national park was newly notified as India's 58th tiger reserve?
Answer: C. Madhav National Park in Madhya Pradesh received the status of the 58th tiger reserve, adding to the country's tiger conservation work.
201. Which illness, caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is emerging as a health worry in India?
Answer: C. Melioidosis, resulting from that bacterium, is being noted as a growing concern in India, especially in places like Odisha.
202. Which Indian institute found that the HIV drug Efavirenz may work against Chikungunya?
Answer: A. A team at IIT Roorkee reported that Efavirenz, used for HIV/AIDS, shows promise for treating Chikungunya infections.
203. What recent pattern is seen in demand under MGNREGA?
Answer: E. More people seeking MGNREGA work hints at underlying difficulty and distress in rural areas.
204. What has helped mutual funds pull ahead of bank deposits in India?
Answer: B. Mutual funds have gained appeal through new products, customisation for investors and easier access through digital platforms.
205. Which step has been suggested to improve digital debt collection in Indian microfinance?
Answer: D. Microfinance collections are being improved with AI risk scoring, automated reminders and mobile-based collection to raise efficiency and recoveries.
206. How many Rafale-M fighter jets are planned for the Indian Navy under the deal?
Answer: B. 26 jets: 22 single-seaters plus 4 twin-seater trainers.
207. Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was arrested on a warrant issued by which court?
Answer: B. He was arrested on an International Criminal Court warrant.
208. Which company launched the reasoning-focused AI model Ernie X1?
Answer: B. Baidu launched Ernie X1 and upgraded its flagship model to Ernie 4.5.
209. Which space agency is NOT among the five partners that assemble and maintain the ISS?
Answer: C. The ISS partners are NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA and CSA.
210. Greenhouse gas emissions are expected to shrink which two atmospheric layers, reducing satellite capacity?
Answer: B. The study says the mesosphere and thermosphere will contract.
211. India is deepening defence ties with the Five Eyes intelligence alliance. Which list gives its members?
Answer: A. The Five Eyes intelligence-sharing grouping consists of the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, which is the set India is drawing closer to on defence.
212. What is the chief target of India's 'Mission 500' in trade talks with the US?
Answer: D. Mission 500 is about lifting bilateral India-US trade to the $500 billion mark by 2030, which is the goal India brings to the trade talks.
213. What reason explains the US exit from the Ukraine War Crimes Prosecution Group?
Answer: B. The US is said to have left so that it would not set a precedent under which its own officials could later be prosecuted.
214. What is the Pradhan Mantri Internship Scheme (PMIS) mobile app meant to do?
Answer: A. The app links students with internship openings, which helps build their practical skills and employability.
215. Which problem has been noticed in carrying out the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY)?
Answer: C. Late installation of solar panels has hampered the scheme and affected how well it is performing.
216. Which health concern was reported in India as of March 18, 2025?
Answer: C. India saw a marked increase in seasonal flu cases, which led to public health advisories.
217. What is the main subject of the recent study on early relapse of lung cancer?
Answer: A. The study looks into the genetic factors that lead lung cancer patients to relapse early.
218. What position has the Futures Industry Association (FIA) taken on SEBI's proposal about open interest limits?
Answer: A. The FIA is against the proposal and worries that it could hurt market dynamics.
219. Which of these is NOT a member of the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance?
Answer: C. Five Eyes comprises the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
220. After how many years did India and New Zealand revive talks on a Free Trade Agreement?
Answer: B. Talks resumed after a 10-year hiatus.
221. India's import duty on US pecan nuts was cut from 100% to what level in early 2023?
Answer: C. The notes state pecan nut duty fell from 100% to 30%.
222. The US announced withdrawal from which body probing Russia's aggression against Ukraine?
Answer: B. The US is leaving the International Centre for the Prosecution of the Crime of Aggression.
223. What is the official name of the Houthi rebel group of Yemen?
Answer: B. The Houthis are officially known as Ansar Allah.
224. How many companies took part in the second pilot round of the PM Internship Scheme?
Answer: B. 325 companies offered about 118,000 internships.
225. What subsidy does PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana offer for a 2 kW rooftop solar system?
Answer: B. The subsidy is ₹30,000 for 1 kW, ₹60,000 for 2 kW and ₹78,000 for 3 kW and above.
241. Security worries have grown over stepped-up drone flights near Okinawa by which country?
Answer: E. China has been flying more unmanned aerial vehicles close to Okinawa in Japan. Their strategic use is being watched closely because of what it could mean for regional stability.
242. India's National Mission on Edible Oils – Oil Palm (NMEO-OP) mainly seeks to:
Answer: B. The mission targets 10 lakh hectares under oil palm by 2025-26. That would lessen import dependence and make India more self-sufficient in edible oils.
243. Countries in the World Happiness Report 2025 are ranked using which set of factors?
Answer: D. The report weighs things like GDP per capita, social support, life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity and perceptions of corruption.
244. What does the ₹1,500 crore UPI incentive scheme for FY 2024-25 seek to encourage?
Answer: B. The scheme was launched to drive up digital transactions through the Unified Payments Interface and help build a cashless economy.
245. The recently introduced APAAR ID system belongs to which sector?
Answer: E. APAAR ID is a unique identity for students. It keeps academic records in one place, supports digital learning and simplifies education-related processes.
246. For how many days has the DGTR recommended a 12% safeguard duty on steel imports?
Answer: A. The Directorate General of Trade Remedies suggested a 12% safeguard duty for 200 days. It is meant to protect local producers from heavy imports from China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan.
247. Which Indian initiative, backed by ₹40,000 crore, is intended to boost maritime growth?
Answer: D. Sagarmala 2.0 has a proposed outlay of ₹40,000 crore. It will develop port infrastructure, raise cargo handling capacity and improve maritime trade.
248. Which statement is right about the 2025 monsoon forecast for India?
Answer: C. ENSO has a big effect on Indian monsoon patterns. El Niño generally brings a weak monsoon, whereas La Niña brings above-normal rain.
249. Recent data show India's remittance inflows moving away from GCC countries towards which group?
Answer: A. An RBI survey finds remittances increasingly coming from advanced economies like the US and UK instead of Gulf nations. More highly skilled workers are migrating there.
250. The newly proposed Enterprise Sample Registration System (ESRS) is chiefly meant to:
Answer: D. ESRS is put forward as a substitute for the economic census. It would give timely insight into the rise and fall of microenterprises, particularly in the informal sector.
251. Israel's ground operation in northern Gaza aimed to regain control of which strategic area?
Answer: D. The operation aimed to regain the Netzarim corridor, which splits Gaza in two.
252. Roughly what share of IMF resources does the US contribute, per the analysis of Trump's second term?
Answer: C. US contributions are around 20% of IMF resources.
253. What does APAAR stand for?
Answer: B. APAAR is the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry.
254. The Cabinet-approved greenfield highway connecting JNPA Port (Pagote) to Chowk will be built under which mode?
Answer: C. The project is to be executed on Build Operate Transfer mode.
255. The ongoing ENSO pattern with warm SST near the dateline and cold further east resembles which phenomenon?
Answer: B. The notes compare it to a Dateline (Central Pacific) El Nino.
271. World Water Day, observed on March 22 in 2025, carried which theme?
Answer: B. The 2025 observance was centred on protecting glaciers, since they act as crucial sources of fresh water.
272. In March 2025, who opened a 3.2 MW AC floating solar plant at the Kochi Refinery?
Answer: E. BPCL commissioned the 3.2 MW AC floating solar plant at its Kochi Refinery, a notable move towards sustainable energy.
273. Which university accepted the Trump administration's demanded changes so as to get back $400 million of federal funding in March 2025?
Answer: A. Columbia agreed to changes such as closer political oversight of Middle East scholars. The $400 million had been withdrawn over claims that it tolerated antisemitism.
274. Two meetings in New York in March 2025 showed opposing views on women's rights. Which were they?
Answer: D. The CSWF pushed conservative positions against abortion and LGBTQ rights, while the CSW worked to advance women's rights and gender equality.
275. Who has appealed to the Indian government not to dilute the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005?
Answer: C. These groups want the 2023 amendment undone so that disclosures in the public interest under Section 8(1)(j) of the RTI Act are restored.
276. Which major incident in Balochistan, Pakistan, in March 2025 set off public protests?
Answer: A. The Jaffar Express hijacking of 2025 sparked protests, with families trying to identify victims and clashing with police.
277. The Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) protests in Balochistan in March 2025 were led by whom?
Answer: D. Mahrang Baloch headed the demonstrations that followed the Jaffar Express hijacking, speaking up for the rights of the Baloch community.
278. Which theme did World Water Day 2025, marked on March 22, adopt?
Answer: B. This year's World Water Day stressed glacier preservation, recognising glaciers as vital stores of fresh water.
279. Which company launched the 3.2 MW AC floating solar power plant at Kochi Refinery in March 2025?
Answer: E. The floating solar plant at the Kochi Refinery was inaugurated by BPCL, marking progress towards sustainable energy.
280. Which person heads the Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC), which led protests in Balochistan in March 2025?
Answer: C. Mahrang Baloch led the protests after the Jaffar Express hijacking and campaigns for Baloch community rights.
281. Which agreement did India and New Zealand sign to enhance military cooperation, staff exchanges and naval port visits?
Answer: A. A defence MoU covers military cooperation, staff exchanges and port visits.
282. How much ice have the world's glaciers lost since 1975, per the glacier report?
Answer: C. Glaciers lost 9,000 gigatonnes since 1975.
283. How many sectors does the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme currently cover, as per the notes on the parliamentary panel's report?
Answer: C. PLI covers 14 sectors with an outlay of ₹1.97 trillion.
284. Under SEBI's eased norms, AMC employees earning below what annual amount are exempt from mandatory investments?
Answer: C. Staff earning below ₹25 lakh are exempt.
285. What was IndusInd Bank's Liquidity Coverage Ratio against the required level, per these notes?
Answer: A. LCR stood at 113% compared with a 100% requirement.
286. Which country slapped anti-dumping duties on five Chinese products in March 2025?
Answer: C. India levied these duties to shield local industries from unfair trade, since anti-dumping tariffs target imports sold below fair market value.
287. What is the chief purpose of India's Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes?
Answer: A. PLI schemes reward manufacturing within India across sectors, helping firms become globally competitive, attracting investment and lifting export potential.
288. Which two nations took part in the naval exercise 'Varuna 2024'?
Answer: E. Varuna 2024 was a two-nation naval drill between India and France that improved interoperability and maritime cooperation between their navies.
289. Which Indian state started the 'Look East' tourism campaign in March 2025?
Answer: B. Kerala began the campaign to draw visitors from East Asia, widen its tourism offering and help the state economy.
290. Which major environmental event is Brazil due to host, as noted in March 2025?
Answer: D. Brazil will host COP30, the thirtieth Conference of the Parties under the UNFCCC, which shows its commitment to tackling global environmental problems.
291. Which bank brought in Grant Thornton for a forensic audit in March 2025?
Answer: A. IndusInd hired Grant Thornton to carry out a forensic audit into certain financial discrepancies and keep its operations transparent.
292. Which group saw a jump in influenza cases in Delhi-NCR in March 2025?
Answer: D. Influenza cases went up noticeably among the general public in the Delhi-NCR area, leading health authorities to issue advisories and urge vaccination.
293. What topic does the March 2025 study that questions earlier ideas about infant memory address?
Answer: B. The study offers fresh insight into when and how infants form and keep memories, questioning accepted beliefs about infantile amnesia.
294. In March 2025, scientists reported four new species of which arachnid group?
Answer: E. Researchers announced four newly identified scorpion species, adding to knowledge of biodiversity and the ecological role of these arachnids.
295. What was reported in March 2025 about tuberculosis trends in India?
Answer: C. Reports showed TB cases and deaths in India both declining, which points to the success of public health efforts and treatment strategies.
296. Which body recommends anti-dumping duties in India, as in the duties imposed on five Chinese goods?
Answer: B. Duties follow recommendations of the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR).
297. Which US company cited a 100% Indian tariff versus 68% in the EU while seeking tariff rationalisation?
Answer: B. Harley-Davidson highlighted the tariff disparities across markets.
298. Which country is the host of COP30?
Answer: B. Brazil hosts COP30 and is prioritising Paris Agreement implementation.
299. Tavasya belongs to which class of stealth frigates?
Answer: B. It is the last follow-on Krivak-class frigate.
300. Which two aircraft carriers took part in the India-France Varuna naval exercise off Goa?
Answer: B. INS Vikrant and Charles de Gaulle were deployed.
301. A 25% tariff on countries that buy Venezuelan oil was proposed in March 2025 by which leader?
Answer: D. Donald Trump put forward a 25% tariff aimed at nations that purchase oil from Venezuela.
302. What was the main thrust of the urban development strategy for India discussed in March 2025?
Answer: C. The discussion gave the central government a leading role in urbanisation, through a top-down funding model that would bring urban development in different states onto common standards.
303. Which scientific technique was stressed in March 2025 for its part in identification?
Answer: A. DNA fingerprinting relies on the unique patterns in a person's DNA, which helps in forensic investigations, paternity tests and personal identification.
304. What step did India take on tuberculosis (TB) in March 2025?
Answer: D. India began a genomic sequencing project for TB to learn the genetic makeup of the strains. The work supports better treatment and the national goal of eliminating TB.
305. Which naval exercise did India say it would hold for the first time in March 2025?
Answer: B. The inaugural 'Aikeyme' naval exercise was announced, with the focus on maritime security and cooperation across the Indian Ocean region.
306. Which governance reform did SEBI put forward in March 2025?
Answer: E. SEBI proposed the committee to deal with conflicts of interest in financial markets, with the aim of raising transparency and investor confidence.
307. Per the IMF's Financial Sector Stability Assessment (FSSA) report of March 2025, which area in India needs stronger practices?
Answer: C. The FSSA report called on India to strengthen credit risk management, both to safeguard financial stability and to reduce risks in banking.
308. What change did the RBI make in March 2025 to Priority Sector Lending (PSL) rules for Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs)?
Answer: C. The RBI altered the PSL targets for UCBs so that they lend more to weaker sections of society, in support of inclusive growth.
309. Unprecedented growth in which segment of India's derivatives market led SEBI to take action in March 2025?
Answer: A. Equity derivatives expanded at an unprecedented pace, so SEBI introduced measures to keep the market stable and protect investors.
310. Which team booked a place at the 2026 FIFA World Cup by beating New Caledonia 3-0 in March 2025?
Answer: E. New Zealand qualified after a 3-0 victory over New Caledonia, which will be their third appearance in the tournament.
311. What tariff did Trump announce on countries purchasing Venezuelan oil and gas?
Answer: B. A 25% tariff on all trade with the US was announced.
312. What share of the Union urban development budget is proposed as direct transfers to States and cities?
Answer: C. The suggestion is 70% direct transfers and 30% retained for national priorities.
313. In PCR for DNA fingerprinting, at what temperature does the extension step using Taq polymerase occur?
Answer: B. Extension happens at 72°C; denaturation is 95°C and annealing 60°C.
314. For how long must details of deleted MGNREGS job cards be published in the public domain under the new guidelines?
Answer: C. Guidelines require publication for at least 30 days.
315. How many Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples is DBT aiming to sequence under its TB genomic initiative?
Answer: C. The target is 32,500 samples, of which about 10,000 are done.
316. What was the main subject of the 33rd Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) meeting on India-China border affairs in Beijing?
Answer: C. The Beijing round of border talks between India and China concentrated on bringing back cooperation and exchanges across the border.
317. Which two countries signed a Letter of Intent on a Green and Digital Shipping Corridor in March 2025?
Answer: C. India and Singapore put their names to a letter of intent for a shipping corridor that is both green and digital.
318. What important agreement did Russia and Ukraine reach about the Black Sea in March 2025?
Answer: A. The two countries agreed in March 2025 to halt military operations in the Black Sea region.
319. What is the main role of the Collegium System in India?
Answer: E. The Collegium is the mechanism that decides who is appointed as a judge and how judges are moved between courts.
320. What is the SAHYOG Portal in India used for?
Answer: B. The portal identifies harmful or unlawful content on the internet and gets it blocked, making the digital space safer.
321. Which Indian steel maker became the most valuable steel company in the world by market capitalisation in March 2025?
Answer: D. JSW Steel reached the top of global steelmakers by market value, which reflects its strong growth and market showing.
322. What new idea did astronomers put forward in March 2025 about how water originated in the universe?
Answer: A. Astronomers suggested that water molecules were synthesised deep within the first generation of stars, a new view of cosmic water origins.
323. How has global warming affected mountain regions around the world, according to March 2025 reports?
Answer: D. Warming speeds up glacier melt and alters mountain ecosystems, with consequences for biodiversity and water supplies.
324. What did SEBI change in March 2025 about disclosure limits for Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs)?
Answer: B. By lifting the FPI disclosure limit to ₹50,000 crore, SEBI aims to simplify reporting while keeping markets transparent.
325. What instruction did Paytm give merchants in March 2025 about payment orchestrators such as Juspay?
Answer: E. Paytm told merchants to cut ties with orchestrators like Juspay so that payment processing stays within its own ecosystem.
326. In which city was the 33rd WMCC meeting on India-China border affairs held?
Answer: B. The 33rd WMCC meeting took place in Beijing.
327. India and Singapore signed a Letter of Intent on which initiative during Singapore Maritime Week?
Answer: C. The LoI is for a Green and Digital Shipping Corridor (GDSC).
328. In which city did US-brokered talks lead Russia and Ukraine to agree on a Black Sea ceasefire?
Answer: C. The talks were held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
329. Under the Third Judges Case (1998), the Supreme Court collegium consists of the CJI and how many senior-most judges?
Answer: C. The collegium was enlarged to five: the CJI and the four senior-most judges.
330. Which ministry developed the SAHYOG portal for handling cybercrime-related blocking orders?
Answer: B. The portal was developed by the Ministry of Home Affairs.
331. The US Intelligence Report of March 27, 2025 named which country as the top global threat to American national security?
Answer: D. The report released on March 27, 2025 singled out China as the main global threat facing US national security.
332. What is the chief aim of the proposed India-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) discussed in March 2025?
Answer: B. The proposed pact is meant to remove barriers to trade, which would improve economic cooperation and raise trade volumes between the two countries.
333. A report from which organisation raised concerns in March 2025 about India's social welfare coverage?
Answer: E. The ILO's report pointed to worries over how much of India's population is covered by social welfare.
334. What is the main job of the GSAT-18 satellite that was discussed in March 2025?
Answer: C. GSAT-18 is a communication satellite, so its purpose is to provide telecommunication services.
335. Which advance was noted in March 2025 as a possible key to the neutrino mass puzzle?
Answer: C. Majorana particles were stressed as an important step towards explaining neutrino mass, and may give insight into basic particle physics.
336. What is the Bedmap3 project chiefly about?
Answer: A. Bedmap3 is an effort to chart the rock terrain lying under Antarctica's ice.
337. What did the GST Council propose in March 2025 to make compliance easier for taxpayers?
Answer: E. To ease the burden on taxpayers, the Council suggested a simplified way of filing returns.
338. The head of which regulator argued in March 2025 for a balanced approach to AML and CFT rules?
Answer: B. The RBI Governor called for balance in anti-money laundering and terror-financing rules, with effective oversight but light compliance costs for financial institutions.
339. What important decision did the Supreme Court give in March 2025 on GST compliance?
Answer: D. The Court said businesses may claim input tax credit retrospectively, which eased the position of many taxpayers hit by earlier restrictions.
340. Which bill to amend banking laws was introduced in March 2025?
Answer: B. The Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2024 was brought in to update existing banking regulations and to make the financial sector more efficient and stable.
341. Which country did the US Annual Threat Assessment identify as the top global threat to American security?
Answer: D. The assessment says China remains the top global threat.
342. India and New Zealand first began negotiating the CECA in which month and year?
Answer: A. CECA talks started in April 2010.
343. According to the ILO assessment, India's social protection coverage rose to what percentage by 2024?
Answer: B. Coverage doubled from 24.4% in 2021 to 49% in 2024.
344. Until which year will six GSAT-18 transponders remain unused, according to the PAC report?
Answer: B. They stay unutilised until 2027 because of overlap with GSAT-14.
345. Which company announced the Majorana 1 quantum chip?
Answer: C. Microsoft announced Majorana 1, based on Majorana particles.
361. On average, what tariff does India levy on agricultural imports from the US?
Answer: B. India's average tariff on farm products coming in from the United States is around 40%.
362. Which Indian body assessed the country's strengths and weaknesses as the US moved towards reciprocal tariffs?
Answer: E. NITI Aayog carried out an analysis of where India stands strong or weak given the US plan for reciprocal tariffs.
363. What is the main aim of the Indian Ports Bill 2025?
Answer: C. The bill is intended to put in place one consistent set of rules governing the development of ports.
364. Which initiative is intended to register gig workers in India?
Answer: C. The eShram portal enrols gig workers and links them with social security benefits.
365. According to the MoSPI report, what share of women in India were in the workforce as of 2024?
Answer: A. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation reported that female workforce participation climbed to 25% in 2024.
366. What did the RBI Deputy Governor caution Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) to do?
Answer: E. The Deputy Governor urged NBFCs to reinforce their risk management frameworks and keep to fair lending, so that financial stability is preserved.
367. Which stock exchange sent SEBI its response on IPO readiness?
Answer: B. The National Stock Exchange submitted its reply to SEBI on the matter of its readiness for an IPO.
368. How did India's core sector growth behave in February 2025?
Answer: D. Growth in the core sector slowed in February 2025 and touched its weakest level in five months.
369. What does the Nutrient-Based Subsidy (NBS) for Kharif 2025-26 concentrate on?
Answer: B. Under the NBS, the subsidy is tied to the particular nutrients contained in fertilisers.
370. Which body criticised how GST was implemented, in its 19th report?
Answer: E. The Public Accounts Committee faulted the way the Goods and Services Tax has been rolled out in its 19th report.
371. What share of India's merchandise exports go to the United States, as per the notes?
Answer: C. About 18% of India's exports go to the US.
372. What tariff rate did the US impose on steel and aluminium imports on 12 March 2025?
Answer: C. The notes state 25% import duties on steel and aluminium.
373. How many Light Combat Helicopters did the Defence Ministry order from HAL in the ₹62,700 crore deal?
Answer: B. Two contracts cover 156 indigenous LCHs.
374. The Indian Ports Bill 2025 seeks to repeal which existing law?
Answer: B. The Bill repeals the Indian Ports Act, 1908.
375. What is the outlay of the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme approved by the Union Cabinet?
Answer: B. The Cabinet approved ₹22,919 crore over six years.