CMS 2025 education survey: private coaching and household spending
Why in the news
The Comprehensive Modular Survey on education showed how widespread paid tutoring has become.
Key findings
| Indicator | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|
| Taking coaching | 30.7% | 25.5% |
| Higher secondary spend | ₹9,950 | ₹4,548 |
- Spend rises from ₹525 (pre-primary) to ₹6,384 (higher secondary).
- Only 1.2% get government scholarships.
About shadow schooling
- Private tutoring outside school, mirroring its subjects.
- Driven by competitive exams, parental aspirations and school quality worries.
About CMS
- Run by the NSO on education, health and social indicators.