Dysprosium and Terbium: India Seeks Rare Earth Imports
Why in the news
China is reportedly close to granting rare earth mining licences to at least 10 applicants, and India is urgently working to line up imports of dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb), which it cannot extract in meaningful amounts at home.
Key facts
- Dy and Tb are heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and rank as critical materials for decarbonisation.
- They are additives in Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) magnets, prized for strength and thermal stability.
- They raise magnetic strength and coercivity, and stop demagnetisation at high temperatures.
- Extracted along with other rare earths, then blended in set ratios to suit each use.
| Application | Why they matter |
|---|---|
| Wind turbines | Generators need heat-resilient magnets |
| Electric vehicles | Drive motors rely on them for efficiency |
| Other uses | Air conditioners, elevators, robotics |
Significance
- Central to clean energy technologies and the energy transition.
- Import dependence makes supply security a priority.
Exam angle
- Elements: Dysprosium (Dy), Terbium (Tb).
- Magnet type: NdFeB permanent magnets.