National Quantum Mission: 1,000 km Secure Quantum Link
Why in the news
Within two years of becoming operational, the mission has achieved a 1,000 km secure quantum link. This puts India among a few nations, such as China and the US, able to do long-distance quantum networking.
Key facts
- Distance achieved: 1,000 km; final goal: 2,000 km pan-India network.
- Structure: decentralised, run through four T-Hubs (Thematic Hubs).
- Computing goal: a 1,000-qubit machine by 2031.
The four T-Hubs
| Hub | Work area | Aim |
|---|---|---|
| Quantum Computing | Qubits and hardware | 1,000-qubit computer by 2031 |
| Quantum Communication | QKD over fibre and satellite | Hack-proof quantum internet |
| Quantum Sensing | High-precision sensors | Better GPS-free navigation and medical imaging |
| Quantum Materials | Exotic substances | Superconductors and topological insulators |
About QKD and qubits
- Quantum Key Distribution secures keys using photons and the laws of physics rather than hard maths that a strong computer might crack.
- No-cloning theorem: a quantum state cannot be copied without changing it, so an interceptor collapses the state, both ends are alerted and the key is dropped.
- A qubit, unlike a classical bit, can be on, off or both together (superposition).
- The Quantum Reference Facility in Amaravati serves as a testing lab for components built under the mission.
Exam angle
- Remember 1,000 km achieved versus 2,000 km target.
- Four hubs; QKD; superposition; no-cloning theorem.