Isobutanol Blending with Diesel: India Begins Trials
Why in the news
India is looking at isobutanol as a way to bring biofuels into diesel use, since ethanol does not suit diesel engines.
Key facts
- Trial blend: 10% isobutanol with diesel, tested by ARAI for engine compatibility and performance.
- Isobutanol is a four-carbon alcohol used industrially as a solvent.
- Advantages over ethanol: higher energy density, closer to diesel, and minimal water absorption, so less corrosion risk.
- It could be used alone or blended with CNG for agricultural machinery.
- India reached 20% ethanol blending ahead of schedule.
| Aspect | Ethanol | Isobutanol |
|---|---|---|
| Energy content | Lower | Closer to diesel |
| Water absorption | Higher | Minimal |
| Diesel suitability | Problematic | Under trial |
About the policy context
Ethanol demand has lifted farm incomes: corn prices doubled and farmers earned over ₹42,000 crore from corn used for ethanol. The National Biofuel Policy of 2018 focuses on energy diversification and farmer welfare.
Industry voices want more ethanol output and second- and third-generation ethanol from bamboo and farm residues. Sugar production is expected to rise 20% in 2025-26.
Exam angle
- Key number: 10% isobutanol trial blend.
- Testing body: ARAI.
- National Biofuel Policy, 2018 is the relevant policy.
- Link biofuels with farmer income and energy security.