India’s Climate Targets: Progress and Gaps Under NDC
Why in the news
Studies show India ahead on several pledges, yet coal dependence and rising total emissions remain worrying.
Key facts
- Goals come from India’s NDC under the Paris Agreement.
- Intensity of GDP emissions fell about 36% by 2020, so the original target was reached ten years early.
- 175 GW (2022) renewables goal was missed; 500 GW (2030) is still possible.
- Solar rose from 3 GW (2014) to 110+ GW (2025); wind has been slower.
| 2030 target | Status |
|---|---|
| Intensity cut of 45% (2005 base) | On track |
| 50% non-fossil power capacity | Achieved early |
| 500 GW renewables | Strong but uneven |
| Extra carbon sink, 2.5-3 billion tonnes CO2 | Close on paper, quality doubtful |
| Net zero by 2070 | Long-term goal |
Concerns
- Total emissions about 3.3-3.4 Gt CO2e, still rising with fast growth.
- Coal capacity about 219 GW.
- Battery storage under 0.3 GWh; transmission lagging.
- Forest sink leans on plantations; CAMPA funds poorly used; fire and drought risk.
Exam angle
- Net-zero year: 2070.
- Missed target: 175 GW by 2022.
- Fund in focus: CAMPA.