India’s 7th National Report to CBD: Key Findings
Why in the news
India submitted its 7th National Report to the CBD, assessing how far it has moved on its biodiversity goals linked to the global framework due by 2030.
Key facts
- Prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change with the National Biodiversity Authority and other agencies.
- 23 national targets: just two are currently on track for 2030.
- Forest and tree cover: about 25% of area, a modest rise.
- Bonn Challenge: pledge to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land.
- Species showing improvement: tigers, Asiatic lions, one-horned rhinoceros.
About the Kunming-Montreal framework (KMGBF)
- Adopted in 2022, with 23 global targets for 2030.
- Goals: protect 30% of land and marine areas (30×30), restore damaged ecosystems, cut pollution, control invasive alien species and stop human-caused extinctions.
- India lines up its policy through the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP).
Concerns
| Challenge | Detail |
|---|---|
| Land degradation | Nearly one-third of land affected |
| Protected areas | About 5% of land, versus a 30% target |
| Data gaps | Information scattered across institutions |
| Climate change | More floods, droughts and forest fires |
Exam angle
- Report goes to: Convention on Biological Diversity.
- Global framework: Kunming-Montreal, 2022, 2030 targets.
- Related terms: 30×30, NBSAP, Bonn Challenge.