Gene Editing for Indian Farmers: Case for CRISPR and Indigenous Tools
Why in the news
An editorial argues that rising food demand, climate risk, flat yields and import dependence make genetic engineering (GE) and precision breeding essential for India.
Key facts
- Population: projected at 1.7 billion by 2060; conventional breeding alone cannot handle soil, water and climate stress.
- ICAR rice: CRISPR-based lines from Samba Mahsuri and MTU-1010 with higher yield and drought and salinity tolerance.
- Mustard: CRISPR-edited, in field trials, with low pungency and pest and disease resistance.
- Home-grown tool: a patented TnpB-based editor, a possible CRISPR alternative.
What is gene editing?
A precise, targeted technique to change, remove or add specific DNA sequences. Unlike traditional genetic modification (GM), it does not always need foreign genes.
Costs of delay
- Edible oil imports of about $20 billion a year.
- Cotton has turned from net export to net import, partly for lack of upgraded biotech varieties.
Way forward
- Transparent, science-based approvals and faster field trials.
- Public-sector innovation to avoid corporate monopolies and foreign dependence.
- Farmer access to GE crops that raise yield, resilience and income.
Exam angle
- Technique: CRISPR; Indian alternative: TnpB; institution: ICAR.