BBNJ High Seas Treaty Enters Into Force
Why in the news
The UN treaty covering marine life outside national waters became operational once ratifications passed the required 60.
Key facts
- Alias: High Seas Treaty; a binding UN treaty under UNCLOS.
- Purpose: protect and sustainably use marine biodiversity beyond any country’s jurisdiction.
- Took effect 120 days after the 60th ratification, reached in September 2025.
| Milestone | Detail |
|---|---|
| 2008 | Talks began over unregulated exploitation of the high seas |
| March 2023 | Text finalised after 15 years |
| September 2025 | 60th ratification |
| 120 days later | Entry into force |
Targets
- 30 by 30: 30% of global ocean area protected by 2030.
- Enable conservation across two-thirds of oceans beyond national control.
Exam angle
- Other name: High Seas Treaty; under UNCLOS.
- Ratifications needed: 60.