Genome-Edited Rice: ICAR’s Kamala and Pusa DST Rice 1
Why in the news
India announced what it calls the first genome-edited rice varieties released anywhere, developed by ICAR and projected as a driver of a second Green Revolution.
Key facts
- Varieties: Kamala (DRR Dhan 100) and Pusa DST Rice 1.
- Method: SDN1 and SDN2 genome editing; no foreign genes inserted.
- Claims: 30% higher yield; maturity 15-20 days sooner than conventional types.
- Benefits: less irrigation, lower methane and greenhouse gas emissions, better tolerance to drought, pests and salinity.
- Initial seed supply through state-run seed firms, later wider markets.
Regulation
- SDN1 and SDN2 genome-edited crops are exempt from GEAC oversight under EPA Rules, 1989, so they sit outside GM crop regulation.
- IPR applications for the new lines will be filed soon.
Investment and outlook
| Point | Detail |
|---|---|
| Budget support | ₹500 crore in the 2023-24 Union Budget |
| Other crops under work | 24 food crops and 15 horticultural crops |
| Time to reach farmers | 4-5 years due to seed multiplication; fast-tracking planned |
Lab-to-Land outreach
- ICAR scientists and Krishi Vigyan Kendras will visit farmers twice a year.
- Each round: 15 days per season, at least three farmer meetings a day, aiming at national coverage in 3-4 years.
Exam angle
- Nodal body: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
- Genome-edited (SDN1/SDN2) differs from GM: no foreign DNA, hence exempt from GEAC.
- Linked to the Prime Minister’s call for modern agri-technology.