Private Member’s Bills: Decline, Examples and Reform Ideas
Why in the news
Private Member’s Bills (PMBs) were discussed because their role in Parliament has shrunk badly, even though they let ordinary MPs legislate on personal convictions or local needs.
Key facts
- A PMB is moved by an MP who is not a minister in the government; most laws in India are government bills.
- Parliament usually keeps Fridays in a session for PMB business.
- 17th Lok Sabha (2019-24): 729 PMBs introduced in Lok Sabha and 705 in Rajya Sabha, yet very few were taken up.
- 18th Lok Sabha (2024): only 20 MPs introduced PMBs, and none were discussed in the inaugural or Budget sessions.
Why they have lost ground
- Constant disruptions and early adjournments eat up discussion time.
- Government business takes priority, leaving PMBs as symbolic.
- The Anti-Defection Law (Tenth Schedule), meant for stability, restricts MPs, especially from the ruling party.
- Party-driven agendas leave less room for independent bills.
Notable examples
| MP | Bill | Outcome / point |
|---|---|---|
| Supriya Sule (2019) | Right to Disconnect | Did not progress, but raised debate on work-life balance and mental health |
| Tiruchi Siva (2014) | Rights of Transgender Persons Bill | First PMB in four decades to clear Rajya Sabha; base for the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 |
| Gopal Chinayya Shetty (BJP) | Free healthcare for senior citizens in government and private hospitals | Showed MPs acting on constituency concerns |
Way forward
- Amend the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business so PMB time cannot be overridden, except in a national emergency.
- Form a review committee to screen bills for quality, relevance and constitutionality, with priority lists and a fast track for high-impact bills.
- Lengthen daily sitting hours slightly so government business is not hurt.
- Adopt the UK’s Ten-Minute Rule so more bills get heard.
Significance
- Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar called PMBs a “gold mine” of forward-looking ideas.
- With support, they can spark policy reform and legislative momentum on social issues.
Exam angle
- Related provision: Tenth Schedule (anti-defection).
- Foreign practice cited: Ten-Minute Rule of the UK Parliament.
- Landmark PMB outcome: transgender rights legislation of 2019.