1. The Supreme Court restated that secularism is part of the Constitution's basic structure. Which of these is NOT a key element of Indian secularism?
Answer: B. In India's model the state treats every faith equally and favours none. It also safeguards minority rights and stays neutral on religion.
2. Which case laid down the Basic Structure Doctrine in India?
Answer: E. Kesavananda Bharati set out that features like secularism, democracy and fundamental rights lie beyond Parliament's power to amend.
3. In the CPCB's 2023 report, which state had the most polluted river stretches?
Answer: A. Maharashtra topped the list with 54 polluted stretches in 2023. This points to serious river pollution in the state.
4. Which Gram Panchayat took the Gold Award at the National Awards for e-Governance 2025?
Answer: C. Rohini won for running a completely paperless e-Office system and offering 1,027 services online.
5. SEBI proposed amendments to the Technical Glitch Framework for stockbrokers. Which brokers will now fall outside it?
Answer: D. Small brokers having fewer than 10,000 clients, along with those that offer no internet trading platform, are excluded from the glitch compliance rules.
6. What minimum capital must a platform hold to operate as an NBFC-P2P lending entity in India?
Answer: D. The RBI requires ₹2 crore of capital before it grants the Certificate of Registration to a P2P lending platform.
7. In the Baroda BNP Paribas Mutual Fund merger, which scheme is being folded into the Short Duration Fund?
Answer: B. The Banking & PSU Bond Fund will be merged into the Short Duration Fund. This simplifies management, and unitholders may exit within 30 days.
8. What do the RBI's P2P lending rules stress about borrowers' and lenders' money?
Answer: A. Every disbursal and repayment has to pass through the bank accounts of registered lenders and borrowers via escrow. This ensures transparency and safety.
9. In NABARD's Rural Sentiment Survey of September 2025, what share of rural households expected their income to improve over the next quarter?
Answer: C. Near-term optimism in rural areas slipped, with only 51.6% foreseeing better income. The July 2025 figure had been 56.4%.
10. What is the focus of the Maitri 2.0 programme between India and Brazil?
Answer: E. Maitri 2.0 links innovators, startups and institutions of both countries in agritech. It stresses sustainable farming, digital tools and resilient food systems.
11. Which country recognised Palestine on 22 September 2025, a day after the UK and Canada?
Answer: E. Malta, with France, Monaco, Luxembourg, Andorra and San Marino, recognised Palestine on 22 September.
12. Roughly how large is the quasi-satellite 2025 PN7?
Answer: B. Its mean diameter is about 19 metres.
13. Which case established the basic structure doctrine?
Answer: B. The doctrine was developed in Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
14. Which ministry organises World Food India?
Answer: B. WFI is the flagship event of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries.
15. In CPCB's river water quality assessment, rivers with BOD above what level are unfit for bathing?
Answer: B. BOD above 3 mg/litre is deemed unfit for bathing.