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Greenland: Status, Resources and Legal Limits on Acquisition

10 January 20261 min read
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSGreenland: Status,Resources andLegal Limits onAcquisition10 January 2026safalsetu.com

Why in the news

A renewed US push to take over Greenland drew objections from Denmark and European allies on grounds of sovereignty and international law.

Key facts

  • Local name: Kalaallit Nunaat; in the North Atlantic, largely inside the Arctic Circle.
  • Denmark controls defence, foreign affairs and currency; Greenland’s elected government runs domestic matters.
  • The Ice Sheet covers about 80% of the island, second only to Antarctica’s.
  • Resources: rare earths, critical minerals, hydrocarbons; fast glaciers such as Jakobshavn.

Legal limits

  • Transfer needs free, voluntary consent of Denmark and Greenland’s people.
  • Annexation or forced cession is illegal under modern international law.

Exam angle

  • Largest island: Greenland.

Test yourself

1. Under which Act does Greenland's elected government handle domestic affairs?

The Self-Rule Act, 2009 gives Greenland domestic powers and recognises self-determination.

2. Which Greenland glacier is named in the notes as fast-moving?

Jakobshavn Glacier is cited among fast-moving glaciers.

3. Which UN Charter provision prohibits acquiring territory by threat or use of force?

Article 2(4) of the UN Charter bars it.