1. Uniform Civil Code: Article 44, Cases and Debate
- The Uttarakhand Cabinet, chaired by CM Pushkar Singh Dhami, approved the rules for the Uniform Civil Code.
- UCC would set common law for marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance and succession; it sits in Article 44 (DPSP).
- Draft Article 35 became Article 44, making UCC non-binding as a Directive Principle.
- Key cases: Shah Bano, Sarla Mudgal, John Vallamattom, Shayara Bano and others.
- Opponents cite cultural preservation, Article 25 religious liberty and federal structure.